All of which brings up another problem in the use of psychoanalytic insight in a literary work.

Douglas Haldeman writes that psychoanalytic treatment of homosexuality is exemplified by the work of Irving Bieber and his colleagues in Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of Male Homosexuals.

While Bion is most well known outside of the psychoanalytic community for his work on group dynamics, the psychoanalytic conversation that explores his work is mainly concerned with his theory of thinking, and his model of the development of a capacity for thought.

Unfortunately for Jones the medical establishment of Edwardian Britain was resolutely antagonistic to Freudian theory and in this context Jones ’ s early attempts to employ psychoanalytic insights in his clinical and research work proved less than circumspect.

The object of psychoanalytic literary criticism, at its very simplest, can be the psychoanalysis of the author or of a particularly interesting character in a given work.

Like all forms of literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism can yield useful clues to the sometime baffling symbols, actions, and settings in a literary work ; however, like all forms of literary criticism, it has its limits.

The danger is that ' such criticism tends to be reductive, explaining away the ambiguities of works of literature by reference to established psychoanalytic doctrine ; and very little of this work retains much influence today '.

Later readers, such as Carl Jung and another of Freud's disciples, Karen Horney, broke with Freud, and their work, especially Jung's, led to other rich branches of psychoanalytic criticism: Horney's to feminist approaches including womb envy, and Jung's to the study of archetypes and the collective unconscious.

In a 1927 lecture, Rank ( 1996 ) observes that “ surgical therapy is uprooting and isolates the individual emotionally, as it tries to deny the emotional life ” ( p. 169 ), the same attack he and Ferenczi had leveled against psychoanalytic practice in their joint work.

Forrest L. Ingram has explored the theme of anxiety in " A Hunger Artist ," finding several levels of tension in the story, and Patrick Mahony has interpreted the work from a psychoanalytic perspective.

First laid out by Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory has undergone many refinements since his work ( see psychoanalysis ).

Adolf Stern wrote the first significant psychoanalytic work to use the term " borderline " in 1938, referring to a group of patients with what was thought to be a mild form of schizophrenia, on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis.

One journal, Psychosomatic Medicine, had criticized him, calling orgone a " surrealist creation ," but otherwise his psychoanalytic work had been discussed in the Journal of the American Medical Association and the American Journal of Psychiatry, he was listed in American Men of Science, and The Nation gave his writing positive reviews.

Alongside Melanie Klein, she may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology: as her father put it, child analysis ' had received a powerful impetus through " the work of Frau Melanie Klein and of my daughter, Anna Freud "'.

In her theoretical work there would be little criticism of him, and she would make what is still the finest contribution to the psychoanalytic understanding of passivity ', or what she termed ' altruistic surrender ... excessive concern and anxiety for the lives of his love objects '.

Notwithstanding Velikovsky's dozen or so publications in medical and psychoanalytic journals in the 1920s and 1930s, the work for which he became well known was developed by him during the early 1940s, whilst living in New York.

He has a full-time private practice providing psychoanalytic treatment to individuals, couples, and families in Newton, Massachusetts, as well as specialized work in forensic psychology ( e. g., expert witness testimony in cases involving the prediction of dangerousness ).

Berne's work began to diverge from the mainstream of psychoanalytic thought.

Maslow himself famously acknowledged his " indebtedness to Freud " in Towards a Psychology of Being Other psychoanalytic influences include the work of Wilhelm Reich, who discussed an essentially ' good ', healthy core self and Character Analysis ( 1933 ), and Carl Gustav Jung's mythological and archetypal emphasis.

In 1968, Norman Holland drew on psychoanalytic psychology in The Dynamics of Literary Response to model the literary work.

Up to this point psychiatric social work had been a strong tradition with roots in psychoanalytic casework and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

Let us not confuse the issue by labeling the objective or the method `` psychoanalytic '', for this is a well established term of art for the specific ideas and procedures initiated by Sigmund Freud and his followers for the study and treatment of disordered personalities.

Influenced by psychoanalytic psychologists including Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, these authors sought to understand the way that individual personalities were shaped by the wider cultural and social forces in which they grew up.

Daughter of Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud became an influential psychoanalytic theorist in the UK after she left Austria in 1938 to escape the Nazis.

During the war, André Breton, who had trained in medicine and psychiatry, served in a neurological hospital where he used Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic methods with soldiers suffering from shell-shock.

Sándor Ferenczi ( 7 July 1873, Miskolc, Austria-Hungary – 22 May 1933, Budapest, Hungary ) was a Hungarian psychoanalyst, a key theorist of the psychoanalytic school and a close associate of Sigmund Freud.

Born in Vienna as Otto Rosenfeld, he was one of Sigmund Freud's closest colleagues for 20 years, a prolific writer on psychoanalytic themes, an editor of the two most important analytic journals, managing director of Freud's publishing house and a creative theorist and therapist.

In collaboration with Sigmund Freud and a small group of Freud's colleagues, Adler was among the co-founders of the psychoanalytic movement and a core member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society: indeed, to Freud he was " the only personality there ".

After graduating in medicine from the University of Vienna in 1922, Reich studied neuropsychiatry under Julius Wagner-Jauregg and became deputy director of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic polyclinic.

In his early years when working in a Swiss hospital with schizophrenic patients and working with Sigmund Freud and the burgeoning psychoanalytic community, he took a closer look at the mysterious depths of the human unconscious.

Her article was one of the first major essays that helped shift the orientation of film theory towards a psychoanalytic framework, influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan.

Primarily a psychoanalytic term, it is found extensively in the works of Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud.

According to Girard, the “ internal mediation ” of this mimetic dynamic “ operates along the same lines as what Gregory Bateson called the ‘ double bind ’.” Girard found in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, a precursor to mimetic desire.

Butler revisits three of the most popular: Claude Lévi-Strauss ’ s anthropological structuralism, in which the incest taboo necessitates a kinship structure governed by the exchange of women ; Joan Riviere ’ s psychoanalytic description of “ womanliness as a masquerade ” that hides masculine identification and therefore also conceals a desire for another woman ; and Sigmund Freud ’ s psychoanalytic explanation of mourning and melancholia, in which loss prompts the ego to incorporate attributes of the lost loved one — in which, in other words, cathexis becomes identification.

Isolation is a defence mechanism in psychoanalytic theory first proposed by Sigmund Freud.

In writing about the experience, Henry married the then newly popular psychoanalytic notions of Sigmund Freud with the non-invasive, observational discipline of professional anthropology.

Sigmund Freud undertook a psychoanalytic examination of Leonardo in his essay Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood.

Influenced by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and more recent psychoanalysts, Drewermann radically reinterprets biblical texts according to psychoanalytic, poetic, and existential criteria.

Sigmund Freud's couch used during psychoanalysis | psychoanalytic sessions can be found at the Freud Museum

Following Sigmund Freud, the psychoanalysts most responsible for the development of ego psychology, and its systematization as a formal school of psychoanalytic thought, were Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, and David Rapaport.

Specifically, Makari declares that early psychoanalytic theory emerged from Sigmund Freud's engagements with French psychopathology, biophysics, psychophysics, and sexology.