The most commonly used outcome measure is quality-adjusted life years ( QALY ).

A special case of CEA is cost-utility analysis, where the effects are measured in terms of years of full health lived, using a measure such as quality-adjusted life years or disability-adjusted life years.

Costs are usually described in monetary units while benefits / effect in health status is measured in terms of quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) gained or lost.

It is implicitly used in some healthcare planning decisions, such as the use of quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ) and the concept of triage, but is controversial in many other cases.

For example, trying to ration health care by maximizing the " quality-adjusted years of life " might steer monies away from disabled persons even though they may be more deserving, according to one analysis.

However, this can sometimes be avoided by using the related technique of cost-utility analysis, in which benefits are expressed in non-monetary units such as quality-adjusted life years.

They support use of variants such as cost – utility analysis and quality-adjusted life year to analyze the effects of health policies.

NICE utililises the quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) to measure the health benefits delivered by a given treatment regime.

Theoretically, it might be possible to draw up a table of all possible treatments sorted by increasing the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained.

Those treatments with lowest cost per quality-adjusted life year gained would appear at the top of the table and deliver the most benefit per value spent and would be easiest to justify funding for.

An ASH report claims that the average cost per life year gained for every smoker successfully treated by these services is less than £ 1, 000, below the NICE guidelines of £ 20, 000 per QALY ( quality-adjusted life year ).

In HTAs it is usually expressed in quality-adjusted life years ( QALYs ).

The quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) is a measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived.

If cost-effectiveness ( quality-adjusted life years in return for expenditure ) is taken as a guide, it is generally unclear whether thrombophilia investigations justify the often high cost, unless the testing is restricted to selected situations.

* Healthy-years equivalent ( HYE ); see disability-adjusted life year ( DALY ) or quality-adjusted life year ( QALY )

In 2006 the Scottish Medicines Consortium recommended against the NHS funding Avastin for first-line treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum, due to estimated costs of £ 24, 000 to £ 93, 000 per quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ).

* A 2008 U. S. study found that nurse-led disease management for patients with heart failure was " reasonably cost-effective " per quality-adjusted life year compared with a " usual care group ".

Many see this health outcomes data as greatly beneficial, but this kind of work is often controversial because many of measures such as quality-adjusted life years and disability-adjusted life years, which involve quantifying benefit according to subjective concepts such as survival, quality of life, and productivity measures.

The third step was a " college readiness index " that weighted the Advanced Placement ( AP ) participation rate: " the number of 12th-grade students who took at least one AP test before or during their senior year, divided by the number of 12th graders ) along with how well the students did on those AP tests or quality-adjusted AP participation ( the number of 12th-grade students who took and passed ( received an AP score of 3 or higher ) at least one AP test before or during their senior year, divided by the number of 12th graders at that school ).

The U. S. news used " quality-adjusted tests per student " as the criteria.

Meynell once again paid his debts and it was Katie, rather than Thompson, whose life was soon ended, for she died in childbirth in April, 1901, in the first year of her marriage.

It was not until the last year of his life that he had his first moneymaking show.

Nosebleed could be stopped by wrapping a red woolen string about the patient's neck and tying it in a knot for each year of his life.

Here, at the Ravine Lodge, President Dickey acts as host every year to about a hundred freshmen who are being introduced by the Dartmouth Outing Club to life on the trails.

Many desert annuals are therophytes, because their seed-to-seed life cycle is only weeks and they spend most of the year as seeds to survive dry conditions.

Salieri was committed to medical care and suffered dementia for the last year and a half of his life.

* His view of the second coming of Christ is also unusual ; he suggested that this would not be a physical reappearance, but that the Christ being would become manifest in non-physical form, visible to spiritual vision and apparent in community life for increasing numbers of people beginning around the year 1933.

Romulus vanished in the 54th year of his life, on the Nones of Quintilis ( July ), on a day when the Sun was darkened.

In the last year of his life he published The Musical Theatre: A Celebration, a well-reviewed history of the theatre replete with personal anecdotes and his trademark wit.

Additional awards were presented to the British fleet: Nelson was awarded £ 2, 000 (£ as of ) a year for life by the Parliament of Great Britain and £ 1, 000 per annum by the Parliament of Ireland, although the latter was inadvertently discontinued after the Act of Union dissolved the Irish Parliament.

Mumy read the eulogy at Harris ' funeral and was asked to narrate his longtime friend's life on A & E Biography that same year.

Dairy cows can only produce milk after having calved, and so every dairy cow is allowed to produce one calf each year throughout her productive life.

Poor length growth is apparent as early as the first year of life.

Darwin was young and generally in good health, though six months previously he had been ill for a month near Valparaiso, but in 1837, almost a year after he returned to England, he began to suffer intermittently from a strange group of symptoms, becoming incapacitated for much of the rest of his life.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

Little is known of his life before he became a bishop ; the assignment of his birth to the year 315 rests on conjecture.

After a year in Paris, he therefore began to leave the city and paint scenes in the countryside to capture the daily reality of village life.

In Jewish liturgy there is significant prayer and talk of a " book of life " that one is written into, indicating that God judges each person each year even after death.

The Horned God reflects the seasons of the year in an annual cycle of life, death and rebirth.

The maximum shelf life of nitroglycerin-based dynamite is recommended as one year from the date of manufacture under good storage conditions.

During the second year of the plant's life, a long, leafy stem from 50 to 255 centimeters tall grows atop the roots of healthy plants.