Fragmentation processes, which break through these protective layers, accelerate the rate of microbial decomposition.

Temperature controls the rate of microbial respiration ; the higher the temperature, the faster microbial decomposition occurs.

In dry soils, decomposition slows as well, but bacteria continue to grow ( albeit at a slower rate ) even after soils become too dry to support plant growth.

The higher the water content of a soil, the lower the oxygen content and consequently, the lower the rate of decomposition.

The quality and quantity of the material available to decomposers is another major factor that influences the rate of decomposition.

However, in the context of explosives, stability commonly refers to ease of detonation, which is concerned with kinetics ( i. e., rate of decomposition ).

The rate of decomposition of explosives increases at higher temperatures.

All standard military explosives may be considered to have a high degree of stability at temperatures from – 10 to + 35 ° C, but each has a high temperature at which its rate of decomposition rapidly accelerates and stability is reduced.

Low explosives are compounds where the rate of decomposition proceeds through the material at less than the speed of sound.

Gunpowder is classified as a low explosive because of its relatively slow decomposition rate and consequently low brisance.

The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition.

* Ecological funeral is a method of increasing the rate of decomposition in order to help fertilize the soil.

The rate and manner of decomposition in an animal body is strongly affected by a number of factors.

Ultimately, the rate of bacterial decomposition acting on the tissue will be depend upon the temperature of the surroundings.

Colder temperatures decrease the rate of decomposition while warmer temperatures increase it.

A sample of tetrazene was heated in an oven at 90oC and its rate of thermal decomposition were monitored by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy.

While this is usually used for keeping bodies for up to several weeks, it does not prevent decomposition, which continues at a slower rate than at room temperature.

Use takes into consideration availability, cost, appearance, the effect it has on the soil — including chemical reactions and pH, durability, combustibility, rate of decomposition, how clean it is — some can contain weed seeds or plant pathogens.

Research published in 2007 shows that, in northeastern forests, garlic mustard rosettes increased the rate of native leaf litter decomposition, increasing nutrient availability and possibly creating conditions favorable to garlic mustard's own spread.

However, the carbon dioxide released through incineration occurs at a much faster rate than decomposition because burning wood takes a few seconds and decomposition takes years.

The process of decomposition is slow due to the layering of waste materials but is generally effective if the input of new wastes does not exceed the decomposition rate of the bacteria and other organisms.

A deeper pit may appear to provide additional capacity but a thick layer of fresh solids deposited by many users may exceed the natural decomposition rate of the organisms in the pit, leading to increased potential for waste seepage out of the pit.

That, at any rate, is what happens at the Khaju bridge.

It is scheduled to go forward at a rate which will steadily add to our strength.

It is good to know that Georgia will continue to have sufficient electrical power not only to meet the demands of normal growth but to encourage a more rapid rate of industrialization.

With our current $3 per hundred tax rate, it is safe to assume that this will qualify when you suggest a community should `` try to develop a modest industrial plant '' as the best way to meet these problems.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

At a rate of $3.22 an hour he is now earning approximately $580 a month.

Rhode Island's rate of $.07 per mile is considerably lower than reimburseable rates in the federal government and in industry nationally which approximate a $.09 per mile average.

The pre-1960 rate of Federal participation with respect to any State's base allotment, as well as the adjusted rate in effect during the 1960 - 1962 period, is designated by the statute as that State's `` adjusted Federal Share ''.

The cost of developing a major weapon system is now so enormous that the greatest care must be exercised in selecting new systems for development, in determining the most satisfactory rate of development, and in deciding the proper time at which either to place a system into production or to abandon it.

When the Export-Import Bank is prepared to act favorably upon an application, it will so notify the Department of Economic Affairs and will indicate the interest rate and the repayment period which would be used under the proposed loan.

As in the United States, there is a flat fee-per-day rental charge plus a few cents per kilometer driven, and the per-day rate drops if the car is retained for a week.

Rates for American cars are somewhat higher, ranging from about $8.00 a day up to $14.00 a day for a Chevrolet Convertible, but the rate per kilometer driven is roughly the same as for the larger European models.

Further, there is no mileage charge or mileage limitations when you lease a car, and you pay only the flat monthly rate plus a nominal charge for documents and insurance since the car is registered and insured individually for your trip.

The big spread is in the charge for each kilometer driven, being governed by the rate at which gasoline is consumed.

Essentially these birefringence studies show that at low rates of shear a tension is present at 45-degrees to the direction of shear, and as the rate of shear increases, the direction of the maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of shear.

The last column shows the rate of exchange that would have been observed at a relative intensity of 4 ( 14.7 cm. distance ) calculated on the assumptions that the incident light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the lamp from the cell and that the rate is directly proportional to the incident light intensity.

Another approach is to estimate from the rate of growth and the smallest size at maturity.

The rate at which these events occur is governed largely by the mass of the intermediate or particles, so by assuming these reactions are responsible for the majority of the baryon number seen today, a maximum mass can be calculated above which the rate would be too slow to explain the presence of matter today.

The amount of time, and rate of interest, is governed by law or by the pawnbroker's policies.

The classical theory of fluid mechanics, governed by the Navier-Stokes equation, deals with the behaviour of viscous fluids, for which, according to Newton's Law, the stress is directly proportional to the rate of strain, but independent of the strain itself.

It also exponentially increases the risk of the cells overheating and venting due to an internal overpressure condition: the cell's rate of temperature rise is governed by its internal resistance and the square of the charging rate.

Heart rate is governed by many influences from the Autonomic Nervous System.

Jet engine thrust is governed by the general principle of mass flow rate.

is governed by the rate law:

The metabolic theory of ecology ’ s main implication is that metabolic rate, and the influence of body size and temperature on metabolic rate, provide the fundamental constraints by which ecological processes are governed.

The binding of ligands ( drug ) to receptors is governed by the law of mass action which relates the large-scale status to the rate of numerous molecular processes.

Quantitatively, the material balance around a wet, evaporative cooling tower system is governed by the operational variables of makeup flow rate, evaporation and windage losses, draw-off rate, and the concentration cycles.

For manually operated weapons such as bolt-action rifles or artillery pieces, the rate of fire is governed primarily by the training of the operator or crew, within some mechanical limitations.

The choice of pictorial designs is governed by a combination of anniversaries, required annual issues ( such as Christmas stamps ), postal rate changes, exhaustion of existing stamp stocks, and popular demand.

Motion blur is affected by the exposure time as it is governed by the frame rate and shutter angle.

Nuclear cross sections are used in determining the nuclear reaction rate, and are governed by the reaction rate equation for a particular set of particles ( usually viewed as a " beam and target " thought experiment where one particle or nucleus is the " target " at rest and the other is treated as a " beam " with a given energy ).

In the first instance they are governed by the " present and anticipated future incomes to which ownership entitles the holder, capitalised at the going rate of interest ".

The rate of transport is governed by the diffusivity and the concentration gradient.

The rate of transport is governed by the viscosity of the fluid and the momentum gradient.