The codex holds considerable practical advantages over other book formats, such as compactness, sturdiness, ease of reference ( a codex is random access, as opposed to a scroll, which is sequential access ), and especially economy of materials ; unlike the scroll, both recto and verso could be used for writing.

It could be opened flat at any page, allowing easier reading ; the pages could be written on both front and back ( recto and verso ); and the codex, protected within its durable covers, was more compact and easier to transport.

The back or second ( verso ) side of Folio 1, in a half-page illustration, depicts the initial stages of the creation of the Libro de juegos, accompanied by text on the bottom half of the page, and the front or first ( recto ) side of Folio 2 depicts the transmission of the game of chess from an Indian Philosopher-King to three followers.

The full-page illustrations are almost exclusively on the verso side of later folios and are faced by accompanying text on the recto side of the following folio.

[...] this essay can be read as the other side ( recto or verso, as you wish ) of Speech and Phenomena.

In publishing, recto and verso are used for the front and back of pages in books, and often for prints and drawings.

# REDIRECT recto and verso

On another spread, the verso reviews books on accounting and moonlighting jobs, while the recto bears an article in which people tell the story of a community credit union they founded.

File: 2011 Chateau de Malmaison recto-verso. jpg | The Château de Malmaison, recto, verso

In languages written from left to right ( such as English ) the recto is the right-hand page and the verso the left-hand page.

The terms are important in the field of codicology, where each physical sheet of a manuscript is numbered and the sides are referred to as recto and verso.

Often " recto " is implied if no " v " for " verso " is given, so that the pages are numbered: f1, f1v, f2, f2v ....".

The use of the terms ' recto ' and ' verso ' are also used in the codicology of manuscripts written in right-to-left scripts, like Syriac, Arabic and Hebrew.

However, as these scripts are written in the other direction to the scripts witnessed in European codices, the recto page is to the left while the verso is to the right.

The reading order of each folio remains ' first recto, then verso ' regardless of writing direction.

The distinction between recto and verso can be convenient in the annotation of scholarly books, particularly in bilingual edition translations.

The " recto " and " verso " terms can also be employed for the front and back of a one-sheet artwork, particularly in drawing.

By book publishing convention, the first page of a book, and sometimes of each section and chapter of a book, is a recto page, and hence all recto pages will have odd numbers and all verso pages will have even numbers.

Thus each folio carries a consecutive number on its recto side, while on the verso side there is no number.

Le mode recto verso is an idiomatic expression in French that means " two sides of a sheet or page ", but figuratively means that two things are basically the same, or that they are different but closely related.

In Flanders the term recto verso is also used to indicate two sided printing.

Duplex printers are referred to as recto verso printers.

# REDIRECT recto and verso

Furthermore, an assessment of the length of ' missing ' text between the recto and verso readings corresponds with that in the counterpart canonical Gospel of John ; and hence confirms that there are unlikely to have been substantial additions or deletions in this whole portion.

On the recto side, there are 48 cases of injury.

Orto ( a euphemism for " recto ", that is rectum, from Latin ortus, as both rectum and orto are Latin words that mean " straight ")— in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, refers to buttocks ( as either an object of appreciation or disgust ): " Qué tremendo orto tiene esa mina " ( in praise of a woman's buttocks ), " Qué cara de orto " (" What an ugly / bitter / moody face "); or luck — either good or bad.

The front ( recto ) contains parts of seven lines from the Gospel of John 18: 31 – 33, in Greek, and the back ( verso ) contains parts of seven lines from verses 37 – 38.

The first part contains on the recto ( the front ) columns one to three, the second part contains on its recto columns four and five and the third part contains on the verso ( the back ) columns six to nine and on the recto, the final columns, ten to twelve.

The recto, the front side, is 377 lines long, while the verso, the backside, is 92 lines long.

* Folio 1 ( i. e., leaf ) recto: Creation of heaven and earth ( Genesis, 1: 1-5 ).

The I Tatti Renaissance Library is a book series published by the Harvard University Press, which aims to present important works of Italian Renaissance Latin Literature to a modern audience by printing the original Latin text on each left-hand leaf ( verso ), and an English translation on the facing page ( recto ).

For the fanned painting the watercolor is applied to the top or bottom margin ( recto or verso ) of the page / leaf and not to the actual " fore "- edge itself.

In a book, the side of a leaf one reads first is called the recto page and the other side is called the verso page.

In a spread, one reads the verso page first and then reads the recto page of the next leaf.

Typical running heads in a book might consist of the book title on the left-hand ( verso ) page, and the chapter title on the right-hand ( recto ) page, or chapter title on the verso and subsection title on the recto.

In the 2007 book " The history of the tarot ", scholar Giordano Berti proposes that the deck was produced between 1442 and 1447, because the denari cards ( the suit in Italian playing cards corresponding to diamonds ) bears the recto and verso of the golden florin coined by F. M. Visconti in 1442 and withdrawn from circulation at his death, in 1447.

The first page of an English-language book is typically a recto page on the right, and the reader flips the pages from right to left.

Folio 56 recto of the Aberdeen Bestiary has a miniature ( illuminated manuscript ) | miniature of the Phoenix ( mythology ) | Phoenix.

Folio 5 recto: Adam ( Bible ) | Adam names the animal s.

File: Raffaello, studio per una delle sibille. jpg | Raphael-Study of a Sibyl ( recto ) ( c. 1512-12 )

Image: NOK 500 V recto. jpg | Niels Henrik Abel on a Norwegian 500 kroner banknote, 1978

File: Codex Nitriensis, f. 20r ( Luke 9, 22-33 ). jpg | Folio 20 recto with Greek text of Luke 9: 22-33 ( lower text )

File: Codex Nitriensis, f. 20r ( Syriac text ). jpg | Folio 20 recto with Syriac text ( upper text )

Normally, texts were first written on the recto, the lines following the fibres, parallel to the long edges of the scroll.

In 1561, Daniel Santbech compiled a collected edition of the works of Regiomontanus, De triangulis planis et sphaericis libri quinque ( first published in 1533 ) and Compositio tabularum sinum recto, as well as Santbech's own Problematum astronomicorum et geometricorum sectiones septem.

But to the extent that the text speaks of a " written " document, Woodruff cautions that " critics appear to have taken the text of the first folio recto too much at face value in drawing conclusions about Popol Vuh's survival.

Given in Haguenau, September 1219 ( recto of the parchment with the gold seal of the Frederick II.

File: Naval Jack of Italy. svg | File: FIAV normal. pngNaval jack of the Italian Republic ( recto )

File: Triptych Harbaville Louvre OA3247 recto. jpg | Harbaville Triptych, Byzantine ivory