Distribution of concrete ( in spite of reinforcement ) strength characteristics along the cross-section of vertical reinforced concrete elements is inhomogeneous.

He had already rejected Edward L. Thorndike's " Law of Effect " ( a precursor to B. F. Skinner's principle of reinforcement ) due to what Watson believed were unnecessary subjective elements.

Outside Hue, elements of the U. S. 1st Air Cavalry Division and the 101st Airborne Division fought to seal PAVN access and cut off their lines of supply and reinforcement.

Chennault started moving elements of the now reconstituted 3rd Squadron to Magwe as reinforcement to his worn down 1st and 2nd squadrons.

1860 – four infantry battalions, four batteries of garrison artillery ; July, 1861 reinforcement – three infantry battalions, one field artillery battery, and personnel to bring the existing garrisons ' units to strength ; " Trent affair " reinforcement – eight infantry battalions, five batteries of field artillery, eight batteries of garrison artillery, three companies of engineers, various service and support elements, and the headquarters staff ; the grand total in British North America by New Year's amounted to 14 infantry battalions ( elements of one battalion and part of the headquarters staff were unable to land in Nova Scotia because of the North Atlantic winter ; the staff officers involved had to land in Boston and travel overland to Montreal via the U. S .); six batteries of field artillery ; 12 of garrison artillery ; and three of engineers, plus the various headquarters, service, and support elements.

Nevertheless, some reinforcement is desirable so that the poem has a natural rhythm.

Filling some or all of the cores with concrete or concrete with steel reinforcement ( typically rebar ) offers much greater tensile and lateral strength to structures.

A subtle type of sound electronic reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some modern concert halls and theatres where operas are performed.

To undermine the resistance, however, and before the Eritrean reinforcement could arrive, De Vecchi began to instill distrust among the local people by buying the loyalty of some of them.

After regrouping, the battle continued throughout July and August, with some success for the British despite the reinforcement of the German lines.

Inspired by behaviorist psychology, reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning in computer science, concerned with how an agent ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of cumulative reward.

After an individual has smoked for some years, the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms and negative reinforcement become the key motivations to continue.

At a minimum, the vehicle should have ballistic glass, some type of armor reinforcement to protect the client from gunfire, and a foam-filled gas tank.

While studying nonverbal communication, researchers noted that some subjects were able to read nonverbal facial cues before reinforcement occurred.

A subtle type of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some opera houses.

In some instances, a resin film is placed upon the lower mould and dry reinforcement is placed above.

Active or ' electronic ' crossovers are used in some high performance hi-fi speakers, and in professional sound reinforcement systems.

Other theories may focus on additional factors such as whether the person expected the strategy to work at some point, but in the behavioral theory, reinforcement is descriptive of an increased probability of a response.

There are some within the field of behavior analysis who have suggested that the terms " positive " and " negative " constitute an unnecessary distinction in discussing reinforcement as it is often unclear whether stimuli are being removed or presented.

Also in recent years, Jug, an after-market inline skate liner manufacturer, have incorporated neoprene into the construction of some of their more popular product-lines, citing that neoprene adds reinforcement ( ankle support ) and guards against abrasions as few materials do.

The Joint Chiefs then played their hand, advising President Johnson to turn down MACV's requested division-sized reinforcement unless he called up some 1, 234, 001 marine and army reservists.

Burgess, a behavioral sociologist, and Akers revised Sutherland's theory and included the idea of reinforcement, which increases or decreases the strength of a behavior, and applied the principles of operant psychology, which holds that behavior is a function of its consequences and can be really bad in some cases

While some sources state that it was the contractor who quietly doubled the amount of reinforcement, according to others, it was at Kaufmann ’ s request that his consulting engineers redrew Wright ’ s reinforcing drawings and doubled the amount of steel specified by Wright.

Specifically, comparative researchers encounter problems associated with individual differences, differences in motivation, differences in reinforcement, differences in sensory function, differences in motor capacities, and species-typical preparedness ( i. e. some species have evolved to acquire some behaviors quicker than other behaviors ).

It stands on nine wooden piers, some with plate metal reinforcement.

Sound reinforcement systems and PA systems may use some similar components, but with differing application, although the distinction between the two is not clear-cut.

In some situations, a sound reinforcement system is also used to enhance the sound of the sources on the stage, as opposed to simply amplifying the sources unaltered.

A subtle type of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some concert halls where classical music such as symphonies and opera is performed.

This interior reinforcement provides 5 to 20 mm of solid gluing area for these corner joints.

This interior reinforcement provides 5 to 20 mm of solid gluing area for these corner joints.

Professor Vincent Hausmann charges that in their reinforcement of masculinity " against threats posed by war, by consumerism, and by feminist and queer challenges ", these films present a need to " focus on, and even to privilege " aspects of maleness " deemed ' deviant.

Chloride ions are particularly aggressive for the corrosion of the carbon steel reinforcement bars and make up about 50 % of these ions.

The main difference to these classical techniques is that reinforcement learning algorithms do not need the knowledge of the MDP and they target large MDPs where exact methods become infeasible.

Thanks to these two key components, reinforcement learning can be used in large environments in any of the following situations:

" This results in the plasticity of these synapses allowing recently activated synapses to increase their sensitivity to efferent signals, hence increasing the probability of occurrence for the recent responses preceding the reinforcement.

Philip II of Spain's reinforcement of the strategic corridor from Italy north along the Rhine added to these fears, and political discontent grew.

He also sent word back to Montreal of the situation, requesting that, if possible, the Chevalier de Lévis and his men, be sent as reinforcement ; these were troops that Vaudreuil intended for duty at the western frontier forts.

Despite these minor victories and Chennault's reinforcement of the " Panda Bears " with pilots from the " Adam and Eves ", by mid-February, only 10 P-40s were still operational at Mingaladon.

However, by the 1980s and 1990s, most of the sound at live concerts was produced by the sound reinforcement system rather than the onstage guitar amplifiers, so most of these cabinets were not connected to an amplifier.

Here they propose three conditions for rendering such propaganda effective, terming these ‘ monopolization ’ ( the ‘ absence of counter propaganda ’), ‘ canalization ’ ( taking established behaviour and enlisting it in a particular direction ), and ‘ supplementation ’ ( the reinforcement of mass media messages by face-to-face contact in local organizations ).

In the classification scheme for neural network learning these methods usually belong in the reinforcement learning category ( needs reference ).

The interaction of these four factors leads to a process of formation, change and reinforcement of public opinion.

The establishment and reinforcement of elitism is seen by these critics as a key element in the role of such genres as opera and ballet.

It is possible that these benefits serve as positive reinforcement for false-consensus thinking.

In his theoretical analyses of these groups, he begins to use ideas that later loomed large in his work, e. g., reinforcement and exchange.

Crime rates are not the only indicator relative to the reinforcement of these laws.

Infants appear to have an innate tendency to make these alarm calls, and adult monkeys seem to give positive reinforcement when their young make the right call, by repeating the alarm.

I give these true facts of the reinforcement situation in the hope that:

Some audio engineers and others in the professional audio industry disagree over whether these audio systems should be called sound reinforcement ( SR ) systems or PA systems.

Usually circumferential or helical reinforcement rings are applied to maintain these corrugated or bellowed structures under internal pressure.

FBA is used to identify the type and source of reinforcement for challenging behaviors as the basis for intervention efforts designed to decrease the occurrence of these behaviors.

While a welcome reinforcement, these types never replaced the older, U. S .- built F-4 Phantoms or F-14 Tomcats ( now the only air arm in the world to continue using the fighter ), or even Northrop F-5 Tiger IIs.