If a scene is to look relatively realistic and predictable under virtual lighting, the rendering software should solve the rendering equation.

The rendering equation doesn't account for all lighting phenomena, but is a general lighting model for computer-generated imagery.

Often, ray tracing methods are utilized to approximate the solution to the rendering equation by applying Monte Carlo methods to it.

These algorithms are numerical approximations to the rendering equation.

Radiosity is an application of the finite element method to solving the rendering equation for scenes with purely diffuse surfaces.

The view factors are used as coefficients in a linearized form of the rendering equation, which yields

The equation is monochromatic, so color radiosity rendering requires calculation for each of the required colors.

Although there are several approaches to integrating other illumination effects such as specular and glossy reflections, radiosity-based methods are generally not used to solve the complete rendering equation.

True photorealism occurs when the rendering equation is closely approximated or fully implemented.

Implementing the rendering equation gives true photorealism, as the equation describes every physical effect of light flow.

The realism of all rendering methods, then, must be evaluated as an approximation to the equation, and in the case of ray tracing, it is not necessarily the most realistic.

The Metropolis light transport ( MLT ) is a SIGGRAPH 1997 paper by Eric Veach and Leonidas J. Guibas, describing an application of a variant of the Monte Carlo method called the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to the rendering equation for generating images from detailed physical descriptions of three dimensional scenes.

Metropolis Light Transport is an unbiased method that, in some cases ( but not always ), converges to a solution of the rendering equation quicker than other unbiased algorithms, path tracing and bidirectional path tracing.

In computer graphics, photon mapping is a two-pass global illumination algorithm developed by Henrik Wann Jensen that approximately solves the rendering equation.

Unlike path tracing, bidirectional path tracing and Metropolis light transport, photon mapping is a " biased " rendering algorithm, which means that averaging many renders using this method does not converge to a correct solution to the rendering equation.

At this point, the rendering equation is used to calculate the surface radiance leaving the point of intersection in the direction of the ray that struck it.

The technique of volume ray casting can be derived directly from the rendering equation.

The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a Bidirectional reflectance distribution function | BRDF.

In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance under a geometric optics approximation.

The various realistic rendering techniques in computer graphics attempt to solve this equation.

The physical basis for the rendering equation is the law of conservation of energy.

The rendering equation and its use in computer graphics was presented by James Kajiya in 1986.

Most frequently, sophisticated mathematics is used to manipulate complex three dimensional polygons, apply “ textures ”, lighting and other effects to the polygons and finally rendering the complete image.

All three offer the original visual appearance of the game whereas EDuke32 also supports OpenGL rendering including the capability to use fan-created modern graphics using the High Resolution Pack.

* June 2007: the designated nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party complained about an artist's rendering of IKEA Belfast that included both the Union Flag and the Ulster Banner flag as two of the three flags in front of the store.

This latter approach, referred to as subpixel rendering, uses knowledge of pixel geometry to manipulate the three colored subpixels separately, producing a slight increase in the apparent resolution of color displays.

Even rendering similar salutes, for example raising the left instead of the right hand, or raising only three fingers, are put under prosecution.

It continues until the entire tuber is oxidized and blackened within two to three days after harvest, rendering it unpalatable and useless.

The bacteria can be recovered from the patient only during the first three weeks of illness, rendering culturing and DFA useless after this period, although PCR may have some limited usefulness for an additional three weeks.

Third, impasto can push a painting into a three dimensional sculptural rendering.

Although Denmark was a unified kingdom, the custom of rendering homage to the King at the three individual assemblies remained.

Manetho's kinglists includes three 18th-dynasty rulers named Akenkeres ( which might be identified as a Greek rendering of Ankhkheprure ), one of which is identified as a king's daughter who ruled for twelve years and a month.

Here they propose three conditions for rendering such propaganda effective, terming these ‘ monopolization ’ ( the ‘ absence of counter propaganda ’), ‘ canalization ’ ( taking established behaviour and enlisting it in a particular direction ), and ‘ supplementation ’ ( the reinforcement of mass media messages by face-to-face contact in local organizations ).

It is designed for efficient rendering of multichannel three dimensional positional audio.

The composite photographs below show three methods of font rendering for comparison.

In 2006, TMC introduced a new logo featuring three green / blue crescent-like slivers on the top and bottom sides of the channel's name, with the channel's name rendered in the Helvetica Extended type used in the 1988-1997 logo and the rendering of the word " MOVIE " in bold type as in the previous logo.

A rendering of a small GDSII standard cell with three metal layers ( dielectric has been removed ).

" The re-flagging of the islands by Sharjah three days after the withdrawal of the Persians violated the status quo agreement, rendering moot the legal relevance of any subsequent presence and activity by Sharjah on the islands and also any by Ras al-Khaimah with respect to the Tonbs from 1921 onward.

In the meantime, the LSC SE was offered in three colors ( red, black, grey ) and was entirely devoid of chrome save for the grille ; instead, all exterior trim was blacked out, rendering the SE different from both the base LSC and the Bill Blass edition.

He is also interested in computer graphics, and has contributed to three research papers on topics related to non-photorealistic rendering.

In January 2007, the independent Casino Advisory Panel awarded Manchester a licence to build the only supercasino in the UK to regenerate the Eastlands area of the city, but in March the House of Lords rejected the decision by three votes rendering previous House of Commons acceptance meaningless.

Good quality consumer CFLs use three or four phosphors to achieve a " white " light with a color rendering index ( CRI ) of about 80, where the maximum 100 represents the appearance of colors under daylight or a black-body ( depending on the correlated color temperature ).

His eldest son Udayaditya made a big fort at Salka with natural barriers on three sides rendering it almost impregnable.

On April 20, 1963, Rossville was the scene of the worst of three devastating brush fires to strike Staten Island ; the three fires collectively destroyed more than 100 homes, rendering over 500 persons homeless and causing in excess of $ 2 million in damage.