" a Christian ( Minaah ) once asked Abbahu in a tone of mockery, whereupon he replied: " When you will be wrapped in darkness, for it says, ' Behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the nations ; then shall the Lord rise upon thee and His glory shall be seen on thee ' lx. 2 ," ( Sanhedrin 99a ).

With the emergence of Christianity and the rise of Islam, Constantinople became the last bastion of Christian Europe, standing at the fore of Islamic expansion, and repelling its influence.

In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to Christian majority countries or countries in which Christianity dominates or was a territorial phenomenon .“ Christendom is originally a medieval concept steadily to have evolved since the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual rise of the Papacy more in religio-temporal implication practically during and after the reign of Charlemagne ; and the concept let itself to be lulled in the minds of the staunch believers to the archetype of a holy religious space inhabited by Christians, blessed by God, the Heavenly Father, ruled by Christ through the Church and protected by the Spirit-body of Christ ; no wonder, this concept, as included the whole of Europe and then the expanding Christian territories on earth, strengthened the roots of Romance of the greatness of Christianity in the world .”

With the rise of the Churches, attacks on Jews became motivated instead by theological considerations specifically deriving from Christian views about Jews and Judaism.

" From its earliest beginnings, Christianity spread much more quickly in major urban areas ( like Antioch, Alexandria, Carthage, Corinth, Rome ) than in the countryside ( in fact, the early church was almost entirely urban ), and soon the word for " country dweller " became synonymous with someone who was " not a Christian ," giving rise to the modern meaning of " pagan.

However, until the rise of Romanticism and the general acceptance of freedom of religion in Western civilization, " paganism " was almost always used disparagingly of heterodox beliefs falling outside the established political framework of the Christian Church.

The Jews were thus suppressed from having direct influence over the political process and the life of Christian states into the 19th century with the rise of liberalism.

In Greco-Roman thought, the concept of metempsychosis disappeared with the rise of Early Christianity, reincarnation being incompatible with the Christian core doctrine of salvation of the faithful after death.

Terry Miethe, a Christian philosopher at Oxford University, stated, " ' Did Jesus rise from the dead?

Other misconceptions such as: " the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages ," " the rise of Christianity killed off ancient science ," and " the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of the natural sciences ," are all reported by Numbers as examples of widely popular myths that still pass as historical truth, even though they are not supported by current historical research.

" Cohen therefore considers it paradoxical " that the rise of early modern science was due at least in part to developments in Christian thought — in particular, to certain aspects of Protestantism " ( a thesis first developed as what is now sometimes called the Merton thesis ).

Most versions of the Christian Old Testament count Samuel, Kings, Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah as two books each, and the " Twelve Prophets " ( or the minor prophets ) as 12 books, giving rise to a count of 39 books for the Old Testament.

Broadly speaking, artists linked with New Objectivity include Käthe Kollwitz, Otto Dix, Max Beckmann, George Grosz, John Heartfield, Conrad Felixmüller, Christian Schad, and Rudolf Schlichter, who all " worked in different styles, but shared many themes: the horrors of war, social hypocrisy and moral decadence, the plight of the poor and the rise of Nazism ".

As a result of the rise of Lega Nord, which was stronger precisely in the traditional Christian Democratic heartlands, the DC was reduced to 21. 0 % in Piedmont ( with the League at 16. 3 %), 32. 1 % in western Lombardy ( League at 25. 2 %), 31. 7 % in Veneto ( League at 17. 3 %) and 28. 0 % in Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( League at 17. 0 %).

It was a development in the modern world which saw the significant loss of power by the values of a morality rooted in the Christian tradition and the rise of permissive societies, of attitudes that were accepting of greater sexual freedom and experimentation that spread all over the world and were captured in the concept of " free love ".

The Council of Chalcedon gave rise to the first major schism in Christian history, the Monophysite schism.

He induced Christian Wilhelm von Dohm to publish in 1781 his work, On the Civil Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews, which played a significant part in the rise of tolerance.

During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and regarded himself as a Hellene in religious matters.

This universal exclusion of woman ... argues, conclusively, that, not as yet, is there one nation so far emerged from barbarism, and so far practically Christian, as to permit woman to rise up to the one level of the human family.

In response to the rise of the Christian right, the 1980 Republican Party platform assumed a number of its positions, including dropping support for the Equal Rights Amendment and adding support for a restoration of school prayer ; abortion was also opposed.

The media has played a major role in the rise of the Christian right since the 1920s and has continued to be a powerful force for the movement today.

Westerners knew that Ethiopia was a powerful Christian nation, but contact had been sporadic since the rise of Islam.

Nordau's conversion to Zionism is in many ways typical of the rise of Zionism amongst Western European Jewry.

The roots of the conflict can be traced to the late 19th century, with the rise of national movements, including Zionism and Arab nationalism.

He argues that anti-Jewish themes centered on the demonical figures of Israel and what he calls " fantasy-world Zionism ": that Jews plot together, seek to conquer the world, and are imperialistic and bloodthirsty, which gave rise to the reactivation of stories about ritual murder and the poisoning of food and water supplies.

The essay accused these writers of participating in an " onslaught against Zionism and the Jewish State ," which he considered a veiled form of supporting a rise in anti-Semitism.

* Sachar, Howard M. ( 2006 ) A History of Israel: from the rise of Zionism to our time, 2nd ed., revised and updated.

The narrative deals with the abject poverty of David, as well as his Jewish heritage, and details the rise of both Communism and Zionism.

From his base on Wall Street, he was the foremost Jewish leader from 1880 to 1920 in what later became known as the " Schiff era ", grappling with all major Jewish issues and problems of the day, including the plight of Russian Jews under the Tsar, American and international anti-semitism, care of needy Jewish immigrants, and the rise of Zionism.

With the rise of Zionism, some Jews promoted the use of romanization instead of Hebrew script in hopes of helping more people learn Hebrew.

Also, an oversight in the small saucer's programming gave rise to a popular strategy known as " lurking " — because the saucer could only shoot directly at the player's position on the screen, the player could " hide " at the opposite end of the screen and shoot across the screen boundary, while remaining relatively safe.

Anatolia ( from Greek — " east " or "( sun ) rise "; also Asia Minor, from " small Asia "; in modern ) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.

It has no high mountains, but its surface is very hilly — four of the peaks rise to a height of over.

Alternate hydrogen bonding patterns, such as the wobble base pair and Hoogsteen base pair, also occur — in particular, in RNA — giving rise to complex and functional tertiary structures.

Yin and Yang are not antagonistic, they alternate in inverse proportion to one another — like the rise and fall of a wave.

Dune traces the rise of Paul Muad ’ Dib, a young nobleman in an interstellar feudal empire who takes control of the single critical resource in the universe — the lifespan-enhancing, consciousness-expanding drug spice melange.

This sets up conditions for the same type of positive feedback — heat from current flow causes temperature to rise, which increases charge carriers, lowering resistance, and causing more current to flow.

This led to the rise of mobsters such as the Purple Gang, who regularly traveled across the frozen river and used violence as a means to control the route known as the " Detroit-Windsor Funnel " — parodying the newly built tunnel.

At the same time, imports — mostly of food aid, manufactures, and transportation equipment — continue to rise, and foreign reserves have declined to precarious levels.

The surviving tropical population of primates, which is seen most completely in the upper Eocene and lowermost Oligocene fossil beds of the Faiyum depression southwest of Cairo, gave rise to all living species — lemurs of Madagascar, lorises of Southeast Asia, galagos or " bush babies " of Africa, and the anthropoids: platyrrhine or New World monkeys, catarrhines or Old World monkeys, and the great apes, including humans.

The mystery of life that gives rise to faith as a supra-rational means of unlocking life's mystery — one that reason does not hold the key to — suggests that faith is fundamentally rational in that it is a logical response to the mysterious.

Because of industrialization and modernization of the trade and industry, and the rise of powerful nation-states that could directly issue patent and copyright protections — often revealing the trade secrets — the guilds ' power faded.

The ruins of Gothic buildings gave rise to multiple linked emotions by representing the inevitable decay and collapse of human creations — thus the urge to add fake ruins as eyecatchers in English landscape parks.

* Linear algebraic groups ( or more generally affine group schemes ) — These are the analogues of Lie groups, but over more general fields than just R or C. Although linear algebraic groups have a classification that is very similar to that of Lie groups, and give rise to the same families of Lie algebras, their representations are rather different ( and much less well understood ).

Despite his efforts to rise above the rank of private — he even called upon Frank Capra to intercede on his behalf — he never achieved officer's status or any commendations during his six months of service.

During the time that Mr. Cook was overseer, I was a house servant — a situation preferable to a field hand, as I was better fed, better clothed, and not obliged to rise at the ringing bell, but about an half hour after.

On the issue of reparations, he barely acknowledges the wrongs committed by the Swiss and German institutions — the burying of Jewish bank accounts, the use of slave labor — that gave rise to the recent reparations drive.

Within the next century, however, European and Asian economies were slowly becoming integrated through the rise of new global trade routes ; and the early thrust of European political power, commerce, and culture in Asia gave rise to a growing trade in lucrative commodities — a key development in the rise of today's modern world free market economy