King William gave the Abbey independence from its mother church and endowed it generously, including income from 24 parishes, land in every royal burgh and more.

* Kirkcaldy, a town and former royal burgh in Fife, Scotland

* Aberdeen becomes a royal burgh.

* Burgh of Auchterarder ( formed 1894: reinstated as a royal burgh in 1951 )

* Elgin, Moray, a former royal burgh and parliamentary burgh in Moray, Scotland, and from which all subsequent uses ultimately derive

One of the principal royal strongholds of the Kingdom of Scotland, Stirling was created a Royal burgh by King David I in 1130, which it remained until 1975, when the county of Stirlingshire was absorbed into Central Region.

The town was chartered as a royal burgh by King David in the 12th century, with charters later reaffirmed by later monarchs ( the town then referred to as Strivelyn ).

* Kyle in the centre, which included the royal burgh of Ayr, occupied the central district between the Irwine on the north, and the Doon on the south and south-west, an area that is partly mountainous.

* Cunninghame in the north which included the royal burgh of Irvine was that part of the county which lay north of the Irvine water, and was in an area that is generally level and fertile.

Cambridge became a city in 1951, again for " exceptional " reasons, as the only ancient seat of learning in the kingdom not a city or royal burgh and to coincide with the 750th anniversary of the borough's first charter of incorporation.

The nearest equivalent in pre-Union Scotland was the royal burgh.

In 1856, the burgh of Dunfermline resolved to use the title of city in all official documents in the future, based on long usage and its former status as a royal capital.

Arbroath or Aberbrothock ( ) is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus in Scotland, and has a population of 22, 785.

In 1486, King James III of Scotland elevated Kirkwall to the status of a royal burgh ; modern roadsigns still indicate " The City and Royal Burgh of Kirkwall ".

Dumfries ( ; possibly from ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland.

* Newburgh, Fife, a former royal burgh

Wigtown (, ) is a town and former royal burgh in Wigtownshire in the Machars of Galloway in the south west of Scotland.

Wigtown was made a royal burgh in 1469 although a settlement here existed long before this.

In 1372 Wigtown passed to the Earls of Douglas, upon the sale of the Earldom to Archibald the Grim, but was restored to its former tenure as a royal burgh as a result of the forfeiture of the Douglases in 1455.

Its status was formally recognised be a royal charter in 1457 and from then the burgh was firmly fixed by a feud-charter at the old figure of £ 20 per annum.

Sanquhar was legally recognized by the crown as early as the 15th century and was made a royal burgh in 1598.

Stranraer became a burgh of barony in 1596 and a royal burgh in 1617.

Underneath all the high-sounding phrases of royal and papal letters and behind the more down-to-earth instructions to the envoys was the inescapable fact that Edward would have to desert his Flemish allies and leave them to the vengeance of their indignant suzerain, the king of France, in return for being given an equally free hand with the insubordinate Scots.

That, I smarted, is a royal rebuff if ever there was one.

All these emotions were screwed up to new heights when, after acceptance and the first rehearsals, there ensued such a buzz of excitement among Parisian music lovers that Duclos had to come running to Rousseau to inform him that the news had reached the superintendent of the King's amusements, and that he was now demanding that the work be offered first at the royal summer palace of Fontainebleau.

And that was why, on the day of the performance, when a carriage from the royal stables called to take him to the palace, he did not bother to shave.

She thought royal status might come her way when, while she was still in Rome, she met Pulley Bey, a personal procurer to King Farouk of Egypt.

The decision was made in Zurich by Prince Boun Oum, Premier of the pro-Western royal Government ; ;

but naturally, the royal ritual, which provided unusual control over already supremely powerful divine spirits, was held responsible for regulating the universe and insuring the welfare of the kingdom.

Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon.

While Moses was receiving his education at the Egyptian royal court, and during his exile among the Midianites, Aaron and his sister Miriam remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border-land of Egypt ( Goshen ).

Bloch was not concerned with the effectiveness of the royal touch — he acted instead like an anthropologist in asking why people believed it and how it shaped relations between king and commoner.

In 522 the young Amalaric was proclaimed king, and four years later, on Theodoric's death, he assumed full royal power.

His denunciation of the royal dynasty of Israel, and his emphatic insistence on the worship of Yahweh and Yahweh alone, illustrated by the contest between Yahweh and Baal on Mount Carmel, as told in 1 Kings 18, form the keynote to a period which culminated in the accession of Jehu, an event in which Elijah's chosen disciple Elisha was the leading figure.

One of the sons of Odin was Yngvi, founder of the Ynglingar, an early royal family of Sweden.

Nor was it the loss of the royal treasury at Toulouse, which Gregory of Tours writes Clovis took into his possession.

Ealdred was an advisor to King Edward the Confessor, and was often involved in the royal government.

Ealdred was present at the royal council at London that banished Godwin's family.

By late 1053 Ealdred was once more in royal favour.

Stigand's position as archbishop was canonically suspect, and as earl Harold had not allowed Stigand to consecrate one of the earl's churches, it is unlikely that Harold would have allowed Stigand to perform the much more important royal coronation.

The general impression was that, as much as the senate was packed with men devoted to the royal couple and the government obtained a large majority at the general elections, King Alexander would not hesitate any longer to proclaim Queen Draga's brother as the heir to the throne.

A search for the author of the publications uncovered the whole plot, yet Aron was only banished due to his connection of the royal line of Bulgaria, whose blood also flowed in the veins of the empress Irene.

Alfred's military reorganisation of Wessex consisted of three elements: the building of thirty fortified and garrisoned towns ( burhs ) along the rivers and Roman roads of Wessex ; the creation of a mobile ( horsed ) field force, consisting of his nobles and their warrior retainers, which was divided into two contingents, one of which was always in the field ; and the enhancement of Wessex's seapower through the addition of larger ships to the existing royal fleet.

" The failure to comply with this royal order was to be punished by loss of office.