* Ghurids, the former rulers in parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan and India

With Muslim rulers established around the city under Mohammed of Ghor, it lost its strategic and economic importance to Lucknow and Kanpur.

Sultan Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori ( also spelled Ghauri, Ghouri ) (), originally called Mu ' izzuddīn Muḥammad Bin Sām ( and also referred to by Orientalists as Muhammad of Ghor ) ( 1150 – March 15, 1206 ), was one of the rulers of the Ghurid dynasty who reigned over a territory spanning present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India.

At the time, the Dukes of Burgundy, a cadet branch of the French royal family, with their sophisticated nobility and court culture, were the rulers of vast territories on the eastern and northern boundaries of modern-day France.

Jerusalem's first three rulers, Godfrey of Bouillon ( 1099 – 1100 ), his brother Baldwin I ( 1100 – 1118 ), and their cousin Baldwin II ( 1118 – 1131 ), expanded and secured the kingdom's borders, which encompassed roughly the same territory as modern-day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon.

After waiting impatiently for the end of his regency by the female Egyptian Pharaoh Hatshepsut, he immediately responded to a revolt of local rulers near Kadesh in the vicinity of modern-day Syria.

The Kushan rulers built a capital in modern-day Afghanistan at Bagram and are believed to have built the famous Buddhas of Bamiyan.

For the most part, Nepalese rulers seem to have been focused on the territories that more or less comprise modern-day Nepal, between the region of Kashmir in the west and Bhutan in the east.

This " one-eyed " warrior would later become an implacable enemy of Pashtun rulers in Afghanistan.

The remainder of the 19th century saw greater European involvement in Afghanistan and her surrounding territories and heightened conflict among the ambitious local rulers as Afghanistan's fate played out globally.

The British considered a number of possible political settlements, including partitioning Afghanistan between multiple rulers or placing Yaqub's brother Ayub Khan on the throne, but ultimately decided to install his cousin Abdur Rahman Khan as emir instead.

Afghanistan at that period had a number of different independent rulers, depending on the area.

For the next 7 years the Hotakis became the de facto rulers of Persia, but their rule continued in the region of Afghanistan until 1738 when Shah Hussain was defeated.

Jahangir would challenge the hegemonic claim over Afghanistan by the Safavid rulers with an eye on Kabul, Peshawar and Kandahar which were important centers of the central Asian trade system that northern India operated within.

Soon afterward, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia extended official recognition to the regime, while Turkmenistan resumed relations – although the Taliban were not officially recognized by Turkmenbashi as the rulers of Afghanistan.

Hazara people of central Afghanistan have been persecuted by Afghan rulers at various times in the history.

In 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, British-led Indian forces invaded Afghanistan and initiated a war with the Afghan rulers.

Pakistan recognized the Taliban as the legitimate rulers of Afghanistan in 1997.

Dost Mohammad Khan ( Pashto: دوست محمد خان, December 23, 1793 – June 9, 1863 ) was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

The city was destroyed by one of the Ghurid rulers but was later rebuilt and controlled by a number of regional powers, such as the Timurids and the Delhi Sultanate, until it became part of the Hotaki dynasty followed by the Durrani Empire or modern Afghanistan.

Prior to 1815 the area now known as " Jammu and Kashmir " comprised 22 small independent states ( 16 Hindu and 6 Muslim ) carved out of territories controlled by the Afghanistan Amir ( King ) combined with those of local small rulers.

He spent the following years fighting the Durrani rulers of Afghanistan.

From there he decided to focus on Hindustan to the southeast, particularly the highly fertile lands of the Punjab region since south eastern Afghanistan ( where he was from ) was mostly mountains, dry deserts and the fertile lands had been poorly harvested and gone to waste during the reign of the previous rulers.

The British considered a number of possible political settlements, including partitioning Afghanistan between multiple rulers or placing Yaqub's brother Ayub Khan on the throne, but ultimately decided to install his cousin Abdur Rahman Khan as emir instead.

An ethnic Pashtun like the rest of his family and Durrani rulers, Zaman Shah became the third King of Afghanistan.

For years, a few rulers not formally under the control of the British were granted 21 guns ( Nepal, Muscat & Oman, Mosquito Coast and Zanzibar ) or even 31 guns ( Afghanistan and Siam ).

The Gondopharid dynasty and other Indo-Parthian rulers were a group of ancient kings from Central Asia, who ruled parts of present day Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, during or slightly before the 1st century AD.

In the decade and a half since the Soviet Union ’ s voluntary break-up, U. S. rulers have received a blank check to wreak murder and mayhem in the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere.

What is more interesting is that after Afghanistan, other Muslim nations with black in their flags began fighting against their rulers.

As a result, much territories of former Vijaynagar Empire were captured by Deccan Sultanates and the remaining got divided into many states ruled by Hindu rulers.

The cities of Gniezno and nearby Poznań were captured, plundered and destroyed in 1038 by the Bohemian duke Bretislav I, which pushed the next Polish rulers to move the Polish capital to Kraków.

The rulers of Bahawalpur were Abbasids who came from Shikarpur and Sukkur and captured the areas that became Bahawalpur State.

It was captured by Saladin during the Battle of Hattin in 1187, and while some Christian rulers, like Richard the Lionheart, Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos and Tamar, Queen of Georgia, sought to ransom it from Saladin, the cross was not returned and subsequently disappeared from historical records.

After arriving in the Sixth Dimension, she is captured by the perpetually topless Princess, who brings Frenchy to the rulers of the Sixth Dimension, the midget King Fausto ( Hervé Villechaize ) and his queen, Doris ( Susan Tyrrell ).

From 1659, these African cities, although nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, were in fact military republics which chose their own rulers and lived by war booty captured from the Spanish and Portuguese.

After being driven from Jhansi and Kalpi, on 1 June 1858 Rani Lakshmi Bai and a group of Maratha rebels captured the fortress city of Gwalior from the Scindia rulers, who were British allies.

Its prison walls have witnessed the tragic fate of many ' criminals ' who spent their days there-maybe their last-under inhumane conditions, and, periodically, various highly ranked noblemen have also been imprisoned there including rulers such as Archbishop Adalbert III, arrested by his own ministeriales in 1198, Count Albert of Friesach ( in 1253 ), the Styrian governor Siegmund von Dietrichstein, captured by insurgent peasants in 1525, and Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich Raitenau, who died here in 1617 after six years of imprisonment.

The power of the city under one of the rulers, Tugan-Khan, was so great that he independently waged a military campaign against Samarkand and temporarily captured it.

Upon Duqaq's death in 1104, two weak rulers followed him in Damascus and Radwan probably captured the city the same year.

In February 1739, Nadir Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers.

He reconquered Goa, which had been captured by the rulers of Vijayanagar.

Samuel Sarugunar claimed that they are the descendants of those who ruled the Cheran, Cholan and Pandyan kingdoms and that when Nayak rulers captured the Pandya country, it was divided into several Palayams ( divisions ) for each of which Palaiyakkars were appointed as rulers.

It remained in Spanish hands until 1524 when it was captured by Saadian rulers.

later when Tibet annexed the Himalayan region and captured the areas of Kinnour, Spiti and Ladakh, they may have had to adopt the language of the new rulers and abandon the their old language.

The greatest of Norman rulers of the south was Robert Guiscard, who captured Benevento in 1053.

Muslims have captured power and there will be a good government than the previous LTTE rulers.

This was captured twice by the Vietnamese, however, and in 1079 the Cham were forced to cede to the Lý rulers their three northern provinces.

The fort was captured by other rulers and recaptured by Marathas at regular intervals, until the British finally captured it in 1818.

In 1678 A. D., Madhugiri was captured by Dalavai Devaraja and the joint rulers named Rama Gowda and Timma Gowda were taken prisoners and conveyed to Shrirangapattana.

Later, under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the state became part of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab after it was captured from its Afghan rulers.

His family was captured and eventually freed after Vespa agreed to work for the new Japanese rulers of Manchuria.