On a more abstract level, model theoretic arguments hold that a given set of symbols in a theory can be mapped onto any number of sets of real-world objects — each set being a " model " of the theory — providing the interrelationships between the objects are the same.

Since most people, and most cultures, substantially agree about most pure ethical situations, casuistry often creates ethical arguments that can persuade people of different ethnic, religious and philosophical beliefs to treat particular cases in the same ways.

These arguments are expressed in a variety of different but equivalent ways ( they give the same elliptic integral ).

Conversely, in functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function, so calling a function f twice with the same value for an argument x will produce the same result f ( x ) both times.

Many arguments have been made both for and against the idea that Frigg and Freyja are really the same goddess, avatars of one another.

Some arguments are based on linguistic analysis, others on the fact that Freyja was not known in southern Germany, only in the north, and in some places the two goddesses were considered to be the same, while in others they were considered to be different.

Let now x ' and y ' be tuples of previously unused variables of the same length as x and y respectively, and let Q be a previously unused relation symbol which takes as many arguments as the sum of lengths of x and y ; we consider the formula

He rebuts the argument using taxonomic arguments, saying the Torah would not give two examples of birds from the same order, doves and pigeons in Columbiformes.

but arguments for the same principle, unnamed, and the use of the principle in applications goes back to the works of R. A. Fisher in the 1920s.

Internalists countered with various arguments: that brain states will eventually be directly observable with advanced technology, that most cultural anthropologists agree that culture is about beliefs and not artifacts, or that artifacts cannot be replicators in the same sense as mental entities ( or DNA ) are replicators.

Moore's arguments may rule out attempts to define ' goodness ' in such obviously naturalistic terms as ' happiness ' while at the same time do not preclude similar attempts to define the good in terms of God's will — in other words, divine command theory.

After Kant, the problem of universals becomes a problem of human psychology and questions about conceptual models we use to understand universals, rather than the same old metaphysical arguments about what universals “ really ” are.

Derrida's deconstructions attempt to give opposing interpretations of the same text by rhetoric arguments, similar to how lawyers in a court case may argue from the same text, the same set of laws that is, to reach opposite conclusions.

By analogy the same term is used in politics and public affairs to refer to the informal process by which statements, designed to refute or negate specific arguments put forward by opponents, are deployed in the media.

In much the same way arguments and explanations may be confused with each other, as may explanations and justifications.

The same is true of proofs, which are often expressed as logically organized and clearly worded informal arguments, intended to convince readers of the truth of the statement of the theorem beyond any doubt, and from which arguments a formal symbolic proof can in principle be constructed.

Williams attacked their arguments for the very same reasons that he found that Massachusetts Bay violated liberty of conscience.

Therefore, if a program makes several calls to the same function with the same arguments, the compiler can immediately infer that the function's result need be computed only once.

Additionally, the same arguments could similarly be applied to male-female partnerships.

In 1886 Said Ali bin Said Omar, Sultan of Bambao, signed an agreement with the French government that allowed France to establish a protectorate over the entire island of Ngazidja ( Grande Comore ; protectorates were also established over Ndzwani ( Anjouan ), and Mwali ( Mohéli island in French ) the same year.

He initiated a policy of strengthening the central ministries, while at the same time ensuing populist policies, one example being to establish a savings of 20. 2 billion rubles for Soviet taxpayers.

Elsewhere in the colonies, Fox helped to establish organizational systems for the Friends, along the same lines as he had done in Britain.

This occurred at the same time that Israel was being destroyed by Assyria, and was probably the result of a cooperative arrangement with the Assyrians to establish Judah as an Assyrian vassal controlling the valuable olive industry.

If one wants to carry two different types of traffic between the same two routers, with different treatment by the core routers for each type, one has to establish a separate MPLS path for each type of traffic.

This means that a conviction typically may not be used to establish either negligence per se, malice, or whether the acts were committed at all in later civil proceedings related to the same set of facts as the criminal prosecution.

Assuming the appropriate gravity of the charge, and all other things being equal, a guilty plea to the same charge would cause the reverse effect: An opponent at trial could introduce the plea, over a hearsay objection, as evidence to establish a certain fact.

When the criterion measure is collected at the same time as the measure being validated the goal is to establish concurrent validity ; when the criterion is collected later the goal is to establish predictive validity.

They first try to establish themselves in Crete, where Dardanus had once settled, but find it ravaged by the same plague that had driven Idomeneus away.

In 1926, the Colonial administration provided subsidies to schools run by missionaries, and at the same time established its authority to exercise supervision and to establish guidelines.

* Edward Teller's FBI file – Outlines years of FBI agents trying to establish whether or not he was the same person as another Edward Teller who taught at a Marxist school in New York.

A key factor in the CTEA ’ s passage was a 1993 European Union ( EU ) directive instructing EU members to establish a baseline copyright term of life plus 70 years and to deny this longer term to the works of any non-EU country whose laws did not secure the same extended term.

") states, " Haue been pleased to giue lysence vnto o < sup > r </ sup > said Subjects to proceed in the said voiadgs, & for the better inabling them to establish a trade into & from the said East Indies Haue by o < sup > r </ sup > tres Pattents vnder o < sup > r </ sup > great seale of England beareing date at Westminster the last daie of december last past incorporated o < sup > r </ sup > said Subjecte by the name of the Gou < sup > r </ sup > no < sup > r </ sup > & Companie of the me < sup > r </ sup > chaunts of London trading into the East Indies, & in the same tres Pattents haue geven them the sole trade of theast Indies for the terme of XV < sup > teen </ sup > yeares ..."</ ref > making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies.

Begging the question ( Latin petitio principii, " assuming the initial point ") is a type of logical fallacy in which a proposition relies on an implicit premise within itself to establish the truth of that same proposition.

When the United States broke with the British Empire and its military hegemony in that same year, it was to establish a fiat of its own.

In the United States, Dodd used the " Fathers ' Day " spelling on her original petition for the holiday, but the spelling " Father's Day " was already used in 1913 when a bill was introduced to the U. S. Congress as the first attempt to establish the holiday, and it was still spelled the same way when its creator was commended in 2008 by the U. S. Congress.

Next, the researchers plan to conduct tests on grass-fed cattle to establish if the mechanism is the same.

Prior to Marx, economists noted that the problem with using the " quantity of labour " to establish the value of commodities was that the time spent by an unskilled worker would be longer than the time spent on the same commodity by a skilled worker.

Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business ; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time.

He alleges that the Muslims had to establish the story of Muhammad's life on the same literary patterns as were used in the vitae of the other prophets ".

Also key was that it saw that the upstream and downstream communications could be on the same or different communications media using different protocols working in each direction to establish a closed loop communications system.

The same year, the CQRS issued a new regulation mandating that all qigong denominations establish a Communist Party branch.

* c. 900 BC — The inhabitants of the Aegean region establish small, distinct groups in valleys, on coastal plains and on islands, living in self-sufficient, close-knit communities but all speaking some form of the same language.