Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government after the disarray that followed the second Anglo-Afghan war.

He held his second cousin once removed Ladislaus the Posthumous, the ruler of the Archduchy of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, ( born in 1440 ) as a prisoner and attempted to extend his guardianship over him in perpetuity to maintain his control over Lower Austria.

He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emmilda, daughter of Dobromir, possible ruler of Lusatia.

He aspired to attach the Ottoman forces permanently to his interests, and hoped to achieve this by giving his second daughter, Theodora, in marriage to their ruler, despite differences of creed and the disparity of age.

Born in 1826, Francisco Solano López became the second and final ruler of the López dynasty.

Rhys was the second son of Gruffydd ap Rhys, ruler of part of Deheubarth, and Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd.

Ieyasu then named his third and favorite son, Tokugawa Hidetada, as heir, since his second son was adopted by another rising power: Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the future ruler of all Japan.

In 897, a Zaidi ruler, Yahya al-Hadi ila ' l Haqq, founded a line of Imams, whose Shiite dynasty survived until the second half of the 20th century.

** Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, second ruler of Golconda

* Idriss II, second ruler of the Idrisid dynasty in the Maghreb al-Aqsa ( nowadays Morocco ).

* Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin, second ruler of the North African Zirid dynaty.

He was the second son of Lorenzo de ' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini.

* Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II.

Vijay Sen the second ruler of this dynasty defeated the last Pala emperor Madanapala and established his reign.

The second Bosnian ruler, Ban Kulin, allegedly presided over nearly three decades of peace and stability during which he strengthened the country's economy through treaties with Dubrovnik and Venice.

In May at the head of a united Christian army he started on the road to Edessa, but he abandoned the campaign, when he secured the release by Nur ad-Din, the ruler of Syria, of 6, 000 Christian prisoners captured in various battles since the second Crusade.

Most historians consider Caliph Muawiyah ( 661 – 80 ) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads ' right to rule on a dynastic principle.

* Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, ruler of the Tirol married firstly Philippine Welser, a bourgeois girl though very wealthy ; their children were given a separate title and the issue of Ferdinand's second ( and equal ) marriage were preferred.

His eldest son, Theodosius, would be a ruler of the East from Constantinople, the second one, Tiberius, of the West with the capital in Rome.

They consistently place their first settlement in Aleppo, where they remained until, siding the sons of Ali and taking part in the Battle of Karbala, they were expelled by Yazid, the second of the Omayyad Caliphs, in 680 A. D. Thence they first to Kerman, and eventually to Sistan where they were hospitably received by Shams-ud-Din, ruler of that country.

Victorious in 1347, John Kantakouzenos ruled as co-emperor until John V's attack on his son Matthew in 1352 led to a second civil war. In this second civil war John V asked the ruler of Serbia, Stephan Dushan for help and Dushan obliged by sending 4, 000 Serbian horsemen to his aid.

) on behalf of his cousin Ahmad ibn Isma ' il ibn Ahmad, second Samanian ruler.

– 2 April 1118, was one of the leaders of the First Crusade, who became the first Count of Edessa and then the second ruler and first titled King of Jerusalem.

() was the second ruler of the Moroccan Alaouite dynasty.

Under Attalus I ( 241-197 BC ), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II ( 197-158 BC ), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.

* The second USS Macedonian ( 1836 ) was rebuilt from the keel of the first Macedonian and placed in service in 1836.

The invading Macedonian troops, led by Alexander the Great, defeated an army led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia.

Born to the empress Eudokia Ingerina, Leo was either the illegitimate son of Emperor Michael III or the second son of his successor, Basil I the Macedonian.

But this second period of Persian rule proved to be nearly as short as the first, and the islands became part of the rapidly growing Macedonian Empire as Alexander the Great swept through and defeated the Persians in 332 BC, to the great relief of the islands ' inhabitants.

In a second encounter, at which Antipater scorned the presence of Xenocrates, Phocion heard the new Macedonian terms of peace:

As he failed to cross the 50 % threshold, a second round was held in which he defeated Saško Kedev of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity.

As of the 2012-13 season they play in the second tier of the Macedonian Football League system.

The second theory says that the name of the city origins from the old Macedonian word straga, meaning a cross.

Although some scholars view this " secret treaty " as a fabrication by Pergamon and Rhodes, it resulted in Rome launching the second Macedonian war, with aid from its Greek allies.

Following the second Macedonian war, the Aetolian League was unhappy with the amount of territory ceded to them by Rome as " reward " for their aid.

The battle at Asculum was the second encounter between Pyrrhus ' primarily Macedonian army and several Roman legions.

Regarding the freedom of expression, many TV and radio stations in the Republic broadcast full programming in Albanian, including the state-funded Macedonian Radio and Television Network ; the second channel of the state television predominantly broadcasts in the language of the ethnic minorities.

During the war the second ban of the Eastern Rumelia militia was mobilised ( 12 battalions ) along with the Bulgarian second ban ( 8 battalions ) and as many as 20 volunteer battalions, 3 Macedonian battalions and some 6000 Muslim volunteers.

As a result Crusaders entered Europe for the first time in 12 years and faced Macedonian side FK Rabotnički at Mourneview Park Lurgan in the Europa League second qualifying round.

That denotes a second Bulgarian state, but not a national ethnic Macedonian state.

Macedonian onomastics: the earliest epigraphical documents attesting substantial numbers of Macedonian proper names are the second Athenian alliance decree with Perdiccas II (~ 417-413 BC ), the decree of Kalindoia ,~ 335-300 BC ) and seven curse tablets of the 4th c. BC bearing mostly names.

The term " Gastarbeiter " lives on in Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Slovene languages, generally meaning " expatriate " ( mostly referring to a second generation from the former Yugoslavia or Bulgaria born or living abroad ).

* Second Macedonian Football League ( Macedonian Vtora Liga ), Republic of Macedonia ( second tier )