Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.

The more reflux that is provided for a given number of theoretical plates, the better the tower's separation of lower boiling materials from higher boiling materials.

* Filtration, as a physical operation is very important in chemistry for the separation of materials of different chemical composition.

Hydrophobic materials are used for oil removal from water, the management of oil spills, and chemical separation processes to remove non-polar substances from polar compounds.

" For example, while " winnowing " usually refers exclusively to the separation of chaff from grain, and " selecting " refers exclusively to the separation of debris from grain, they refer in the Talmudic sense to any separation of intermixed materials which renders edible that which was inedible.

Electrolysis is the passage of a direct electric current through an ionic substance that is either molten or dissolved in a suitable solvent, resulting in chemical reactions at the electrodes and separation of materials.

A commonly used approximation that is valid when the wire separation is much larger than the wire radius and in the absence of magnetic materials is

The reinforcement in a RC structure, such as a steel bar, has to undergo the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete in order to prevent discontinuity, slip or separation of the two materials under load.

He directed the enormous construction effort, made critical decisions on the various methods of isotope separation, acquired raw materials, directed the collection of military intelligence on the German nuclear energy project and helped select the cities in Japan that were chosen as targets.

Groves made critical decisions on prioritizing the various methods of isotope separation and acquiring raw materials needed by the scientists and engineers.

Trail segregation may be supported by signage, markings, trail design and construction ( especially selection of tread materials ), and by separation between parallel treads.

Static electricity is often generated through tribocharging, the separation of electric charges that occurs when two materials are brought into contact and then separated.

As these materials lack natural planes of separation, conchoidal fractures occur when they are struck with sufficient force.

Extractive metallurgy is the study of the processes used in the separation and concentration ( benefication ) of raw materials.

Usually, particle size reduction, also referred to as comminution, is required to permit efficient separation of the valuable materials from gangue.

The use of smaller particle size packing materials requires the use of higher operational pressure (" backpressure ") and typically improves chromatographic resolution ( i. e. the degree of separation between consecutive analytes emerging from the column ).

With it, three colour separation originals are obtained behind a purple, a green, and a red light filter, the latter being part of one of the three different raw materials in use.

Heating generates a separation of charge in the atoms or molecules of certain materials.

The more reflux is provided for a given number of theoretical plates, the better the tower's separation of lower boiling materials from higher boiling materials.

The more reflux and / or more trays provided, the better is the tower's separation of lower boiling materials from higher boiling materials.

But contest definition -- that dramatic muscular separation of every muscle group that seems as though it must have been carved by a sculptor's chisel -- is something quite different.

However implausible this is, it is certainly the case that Aristotle's rigid separation of action from production, and his justification of the subservience of slaves and others to the virtue – or arete – of a few justified the ideal of aristocracy.

The theme of exile and separation is embodied in two characters, Rieux and Rambert, both of whom are separated from the women they love.

The angle between those lines can be measured, and is the angular separation between the two stars.

Animism encompasses the beliefs that there is no separation between the spiritual and physical ( or material ) world, and souls or spirits exist, not only in humans, but also in all other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, or other entities of the natural environment.

Lightning is also caused by a violent separation, this time of clouds by winds to create a bright, fire-like flash.

* δ Apodis is a double star with a separation of 103 arcseconds.

After the separation of the two offices the position of Astronomer Royal has been largely honorary, though he remains available to advise the Sovereign on astronomical and related scientific matters, and the office is of great prestige.

A more radical defense is to deny the separation of physical world and the platonic world, i. e. the mathematical universe hypothesis.

The separation of components is often performed prior to analysis.

Informally, it is the similarity between observations as a function of the time separation between them.

However, it is more correct for a very slender plate when the angle becomes large and flow separation occurs, or if the flow speed is supersonic.

It does however retain its separation from sexual attraction and as such is seen by many as an orientation within an orientation amongst the asexual community.

The last is equal to a projected separation of about 529 Astronomical Units ( AU ) at the estimated distance of Antares, giving a minimum value for the separation of the pair.

Spectroscopic examination of the energy states in the outflow of matter from the companion star suggest that it is about 224 AU behind the primary, giving a combined separation of about 574 AU.

Agarose is used generally as the medium for analytical scale electrophoretic separation in agarose gel electrophoresis and for column-based preparative scale separation as in gel filtration chromatography and affinity chromatography.

The book of Ruth portrays a perfect example of a true belief in the Creator God in that it propagates inclusion of all, even in the ancient world of the Israelites where separation is made obvious between Israelites and non-Israelites.

These regarded issues such as whether the universe is eternal or non-eternal ( or whether it is finite or infinite ), the unity or separation of the body and the self, the complete inexistence of a person after Nirvana and death, and others.

Typically this was accomplished through a system of " checks and balances ", the origin of which, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu.

Channel separation on over-the-air channels is accomplished by skipping at least one channel between two analog stations ' frequency allocations.

Soon, though, cream-separation technology became small and inexpensive enough to introduce an additional efficiency: the separation was accomplished on the farm, and the cream alone shipped to the factory.

In the case of a battery, charge separation that gives rise to a voltage difference is accomplished by chemical reactions at the electrodes ; a voltaic cell can be thought of as having a " charge pump " of atomic dimensions at each electrode, that is:

The mass spectrometer, a high-voltage quadrupole, collected data to build a model of the molecular masses of each gas, and a more powerful separation of molecular and isotopic species was accomplished by the gas chromatograph.

The separation of these fragments is accomplished by exploiting the mobilities with which different sized molecules are able to pass through the gel.

In some cases, especially live performance where gradual separation is extremely difficult, phasing is accomplished by periodically inserting an extra note into the phrase of one of the two players playing the same repeated phrase, thus shifting the phase by a single beat at a time, rather than gradually.

The task of extinguishing this opposition within consciousness Hegel believed he had already accomplished in his book Phänomenologie des Geistes ( 1807 ) with the final attainment of Absolute Knowing: “ Absolute knowing is the truth of every mode of consciousness because ... it is only in absolute knowing that the separation of the object from the certainty of itself is completely eliminated: truth is now equated with certainty and certainty with truth .” Once thus liberated from duality, the science of thinking no longer requires an object or a matter outside of itself to act as a touchstone for its truth, but rather takes the form of its own self-mediated exposition and development which eventually comprises within itself every possible mode of rational thinking.

Multiple stages of mass analysis separation can be accomplished with individual mass spectrometer elements separated in space or using a single mass spectrometer with the MS steps separated in time.

By doing tandem mass spectrometry in time, the separation is accomplished with ions trapped in the same place, with multiple separation steps taking place over time.

The minimum aims of each Little Joe shot could be supplemented from time to time with studies of noise levels, heat and pressure loads, heat shield separation, and the behavior of animal riders, so long as the measurements could be accomplished with minimum telemetry.

By contrast, in Western Europe, such separation is accomplished inside one dwelling, by dividing the building into separate rooms.

The separation occurred without violence, and was thus said to be " velvet ", much like the " Velvet revolution " which preceded it, which was accomplished through massive peaceful demonstrations and actions.

Log driving was accomplished by dumping the harvested logs into the river, there they floated until the separation point at Forshaga.

Privilege separation is traditionally accomplished by distinguishing a real user ID / group ID from the effective user ID / group ID, using the setuid ( 2 )/ setgid ( 2 ) and related system calls, which were specified by POSIX.

Divorce was most often accomplished by the separation of either party.

Final separation of the fibre is accomplished by a breaking process in which the brittle woody portion of the straw is broken, either by hand or by passing through rollers, followed by the scutching operation, which removes the broken woody pieces ( shives ) by beating or scraping.