In particular, they noted the ability of matter to change forms ( e. g., ice to water to steam ) and several philosophers proposed that all the apparently different materials of the world are different forms of a single primordial material, or arche.

In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis ( or primordial nucleosynthesis, abbreviated BBN ) refers to the production of nuclei other than those of H-1 ( i. e. the normal, light isotope of hydrogen, whose nuclei consist of a single proton each ) during the early phases of the universe.

A cyclops (; ; plural cyclopes ; ), in Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, was a member of a primordial race of giants, each with a single eye in the middle of his forehead.

First, he challenges the leader of the Anunnaki gods, the dragon of the primordial sea Tiamat, to single combat and defeats her by trapping her with his net, blowing her up with his winds, and piercing her belly with an arrow.

Hindus traditionally hold that Vyasa categorised the primordial single Veda into four.

Naturally occurring zirconium ( Zr ) is composed of four stable isotopes ( of which one may in the future be found radioactive ), and one very long-lived radioisotope (< sup > 96 </ sup > Zr ), a primordial nuclide that decays via double beta decay with an observed half-life of 2. 0 × 10 < sup > 19 </ sup > years ; it can also undergo single beta decay which is not yet observed, but the theoretically predicted value of T < sub > ½ </ sub > is 2. 4 × 10 < sup > 20 </ sup > years.

Extensive testing settled the issue – ablative shields proved to be reliable ( so much so that the initial shield thickness was safely reduced, allowing a lower total spacecraft weight ), and were easier to produce — at that time, beryllium was only produced in sufficient quantities by a single company in the U. S. — and cheaper.

Of the 26 monoisotopic elements that have only a single stable isotope, all but one have an odd atomic number — the single exception to both rules being beryllium.

All of these elements also have an even number of neutrons, with the single exception again being beryllium.

With single or prolonged exposure by inhalation, the lungs become hypersensitive to beryllium causing the development of small inflammatory nodules, called granulomas.

Whereas the mass number simply counts the total number of neutrons and protons and is thus a natural ( or whole ) number, the atomic mass of a single isotope is a real number.

The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium ( name rarely used, symbol < sup > 1 </ sup > H ) with a single proton and no neutrons.

Meitnerium was first synthesized on August 29, 1982 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research ( Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ) in Darmstadt .< ref name = 82Mu01 > The team bombarded a target of bismuth-209 with accelerated nuclei of iron-58 and detected a single atom of the isotope meitnerium-266:

Of the 80 elements with one or more stable isotopes, twenty-six have only a single stable isotope, and are thus termed monoisotopic, and the rest have more than one stable isotope.

* 26 elements have one single stable isotope.

However, it should be distinguished from the molecular mass ( also known as molecular weight ), which is the mass of one molecule ( of any single isotopic composition ) and is not directly related to the atomic mass, the mass of one atom ( of any single isotope ).

Bayesian stable isotope mixing model that incorporates measurement error, concentration dependence and other features in a single package.

The time it takes for a single parent atom to decay to an atom of its daughter isotope can vary widely, not only for different parent-daughter chains, but also for identical pairings of parent and daughter isotopes.

There are numerous others, with the most popular probably being the β-CIT radioligand with an iodine-123 isotope that is used for brain scanning with single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ).< ref >

When the radioactive isotope in the ligand decays it can be measured by positron emission tomography ( PET ) or single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ).

Fortunately, fluorine consists of only a single isotope < sup > 19 </ sup > F, so that the 1 % difference in molecular weights between < sup > 235 </ sup > UF < sub > 6 </ sub > and < sup > 238 </ sup > UF < sub > 6 </ sub > is due only to the difference in weights of the uranium isotopes.

Because the nucleus of this isotope consists of only a single proton, it is given the descriptive but rarely used formal name protium.

For neutron interactions incident upon a thin sheet of material ( ideally made of a single type of isotope ), the nuclear reaction rate equation is written as:

Each individual structure that contains a single < sup > 13 </ sup > C isotope provides data about the structure in its immediate vicinity.

For example, in some uranium-enrichment processes the separation of the desired isotope is only poorly achieved in a single stage ; to achieve better separation the process has to be repeated a number of times, in a series, with the enriched fraction of one stage being fed to the succeeding stage for further enrichment.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

The ll and ch were also considered single letters, but in 1994 the Real Academia Española changed collating order so that ll is between lk and lm in the dictionary and ch is between cg and ci, and in 2010 the tenth congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies changed it so they were no longer letters at all < ref > Real Academia Española.

Using a byte-oriented approach, it is possible to combine the < tt > SubBytes </ tt >, < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >, and < tt > MixColumns </ tt > steps into a single round operation.

This is not always the case: the trivial equation x = x specifies the entire plane, and the equation x < sup > 2 </ sup > + y < sup > 2 </ sup > = 0 specifies only the single point ( 0, 0 ).

The largest documented single crystal of amblygonite measured 7. 62x2. 44x1. 83 m < sup > 3 </ sup > and weighed ~ 102 tons.

Thus, a single " rule ," like mapping every real number x to x < sup > 2 </ sup >, can lead to distinct functions and, depending on whether the images under that rule are understood to be reals or, more restrictively, non-negative reals.

However, the law of mass action is valid only for concerted one-step reactions that proceed through a single transition state and is not valid in general because rate equations do not, in general, follow the stoichiometry of the reaction as Guldberg and Waage had proposed ( see, for example, nucleophilic aliphatic substitution by S < sub > N </ sub > 1 or reaction of hydrogen and bromine to form hydrogen bromide ).

In fact, the distribution of the sample mean will be equal to the distribution of the samples themselves ; i. e., the sample mean of a large sample is no better ( or worse ) an estimator of x < sub > 0 </ sub > than any single observation from the sample.

Eruptions forming even larger calderas are known, especially La Garita Caldera in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, where the 5, 000 km < sup > 3 </ sup > Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a single major eruption about 27. 8 million years ago.

:* Manx uses the single diacritic ç combined with h to give the digraph < çh > ( pronounced / tʃ /) to mark the distinction between it and the digraph < ch > ( pronounced / h / or / x /).

< u > Top :</ u > A single molecule moves around randomly.

* ~ 624 E < nowiki > eV </ nowiki > (): energy needed to power a single 100 watt light bulb for one second.

For example, just by applying a simple rule that constrains each queen to a single column ( or row ), though still considered brute force, it is possible to reduce the number of possibilities to just 16, 777, 216 ( that is, 8 < sup > 8 </ sup >) possible combinations.

< u > Top :</ u > A single molecule moves around randomly.

* The trailer ( a single byte of value 0x3B, a semi-colon < tt >';'</ tt >), which should be the last byte of the file.

If the symbol width is n, the codes of width n + 1 fall naturally into two blocks: the lower block of 2 < sup > n </ sup > codes for coding single symbols, and the upper block of 2 < sup > n </ sup > codes that will be used by the decoder for sequences of length greater than one.

Functions can only be defined using the single line < mathematical function of x > statement ( e. g., ).