Once the rate of rain fall is faster than the rate of infiltration into the soil, surface runoff occurs and carries the loosened soil particles down slope.

Particular attention is given to the matter of surface erosion, overtopping prevention and protection of levee crest and downstream slope in which cellular confinement is promoted as the most advantageous BMP.

Chalk hills, known as chalk downland, usually form where bands of chalk reach the surface at an angle, so forming a scarp slope.

Then we imagine the rays are parallel ( and given by two angles ), and we let the colour of a point on the surface be determined by the angle between this direction and the slope of the surface at the point.

Nowadays water is often sprayed onto the surface of the dendix to lubricate it and increase speed ; however, higher insurance premiums cause many slope operators to look for safer alternatives.

In some cases, bicycle trails require a harder surface, fewer changes in grade and slope, increased sight visibility, and fewer sharp changes in direction.

Trail gradient should be determined based on a site specific assessment of soils & geology, drainage patterns of the slope, surrounding vegetation types, position on the slope of a given trail segment ( bottom, mid-slope, ridgeline ), average precipitation, storm intensities, types of use, volume & intensity of use, and a host of other factors affecting the ability of the trail substrate to resist erosion and provide a navigable surface.

Some of the morphological characteristics used to classify avalanches include the type of snow involved, the nature of the failure, the sliding surface, the propagation mechanism of the failure, the trigger of the avalanche, the slope angle, slope aspect, and elevation.

The site is broken down into four Operable Units: the defoliated slope of Blue Mountain, the cinder banks, the soil in town, and the ground and surface water.

# The anabatic or upward vertical propagation of moist air up an orographic slope caused by daytime heating of the mountain barrier surface.

The surface of the steep slope is called a scarp face.

It is also observed that galaxies with a uniform distribution of luminous matter have a rotation curves that slope up from center to edge and most low surface brightness galaxies ( LSB galaxies ) rotate with a rotation curve that slopes up from the center, indicating little core bulge.

When the region was broken into fault blocks and the were uplifted and tilted, the back slope of each block was a part of the previously eroded surface and the face of the block was a surface of fracture.

* Consequent streams are streams whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i. e., streams that follow slope of the land over which they originally formed.

These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock.

Technical and economic feasibility are evaluated based on the following: regional geologic conditions ; overburden characteristics ; coal seam continuity, thickness, structure, quality, and depth ; strength of materials above and below the seam for roof and floor conditions ; topography ( especially altitude and slope ); climate ; land ownership as it affects the availability of land for mining and access ; surface drainage patterns ; ground water conditions ; availability of labor and materials ; coal purchaser requirements in terms of tonnage, quality, and destination ; and capital investment requirements.

Storm petrels also use dynamic soaring and slope soaring to travel over the ocean surface.

The regional geology and seismology setting is first examined for sources and patterns of earthquake occurrence, both in depth and at the at the surface from seismometer records ; secondly, the impacts from these sources are assessed relative to local geologic rock and soil types, slope angle and groundwater conditions.

They also feed to a large extent on myctophids ( lantern fish ) which only occur at the surface at night in water over the continental slope.

Soil type, drainage, or degree of slope can make the difference between good crops and poor ones.

They also contribute to the desired effect of converting the ( kinetic energy ) push of the sloped wave face combined with the rider's mass on the sloped wave face ( potential energy ) into redirected energy-lift ( lift ( physics ))-the surfer deflects his surfboard and fins off the water of the wave face ( and / or vice-versa ) to make forward progress across the wave face, or " down the line ," that is, parallel to the wave crest and beach-riding parallel to the crest ( perpendicular to the pull of gravity down the wave's slope ) in this way is known as " trimming.

Triggering factors of a slope failure can be climatic events can then make a slope actively unstable, leading to mass movements.

Typically, pre-conditional factors build up specific sub-surface conditions that make the area / slope prone to failure, whereas the actual landslide often requires a trigger before being released.

The fundamental assertion is that there is a maximum amount that " a consumer will give up, of one commodity, to get one unit of another good, in that amount which will leave the consumer indifferent between the new and old situations " The negative slope of the indifference curves represents the willingness of the consumer to make a trade off.

The negative slope of the indifference curve incorporates the willingness of the consumer to make trade offs.

Meanwhile, the 10th Light crossed the Russbach downstream and, after passing through the boggy terrain below the escarpment, began to make its way up the slope.

This will make it easier for the river to breach its levees and cut a new channel that enters the body of standing water at a steeper slope.

Gary Becker has even argued that the bandwagon effect could be so strong as to make the demand curve slope upward.

However, it should now be possible to make reasonably accurate measurements of dlni / d ( 1 / V ) ( if necessary by using lock-in amplifier / phase-sensitive detection techniques and computer-controlled equipment ), and to derive κ from the slope of an appropriate data plot.

The architects planned the slope of the surface to make it interesting and to accommodate the necessary clearances for what lies underneath.

" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge. Little Round Top, western slope, photographed by Timothy H. O ' Sullivan, 1863.

The generally south slope and southern coast make for mild and wet climate, and there is a great deal of good pasture.

Some contestants cannot make it up the slippery slope and are eliminated from the round.

The war came to an end when the Nez Perce stopped to make camp and rest on the prairie adjacent to Snake Creek in the foothills of the north slope of the Bear ’ s Paw Mountains in Montana Territory, only from the Canadian border.

It was built as part of a resort and conference center on a steep slope, where land had been stripped away to make an island for an airport.

Periglacial environment are from a geomorphological point view relatively stable, and difficult to alter because all the work done on it has make it insensitive, by having for example low slope angles.

As the slope angles increase, the climbing ski-tourer will make switchbacks, using so-called " kick turns " to change direction, typically resulting in a line that climbs at a moderate angle of 20-30 degrees.

The rivers like Gori, Dhauli, and Kali rise chiefly in the southern slope of the Tibetan watershed north of the loftiest peaks, amongst which they make their way down valleys of rapid declivity and extraordinary depth.

Entasis was often a feature of Inca walls and double-jamb doorways, where they also act to counteract the optical illusion that would make the doorway appear narrower in the middle of its slope than it really would be.

On 28 April 1943 at Djebel Bou Azoukaz, Tunisia, Lance-Corporal Kenneally charged alone down the bare forward slope straight into the main body of the enemy about to make an attack, firing his Bren gun from the hip ; the enemy were so surprised that they broke up in disorder.

Also, the proportions of the Hollywood print seems to mimic the Cinemascope screen ( however, to make the word " Hollywood ", Ruscha transposed the letters of the sign from their actual location on the slope of the Santa Monica Mountains to the crest of the ridge ).

It is important, therefore, that users of refractometers either make sure the sample and prism of the instrument are both at very close to 20 ° C or, if that is difficult to insure, readings should be taken at 2 temperatures separated by a few degrees, the change per degree noted and the final recorded value referenced to 20 ° C using the Bx vs. Temp slope information.