The idea of universal jurisdiction is fundamental to the operation of global organizations such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to states ( the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of " universal jurisdiction " is not the same as that enacted in the War Crimes Law ( Belgium ) which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of public policy ).

This principle can have no application to representations made regarding the assertion or enforcement of fundamental rights.

Regarding this assertion in Heller that Cruikshank said the first amendment did not apply against the states, Professor David Rabban has written that the Cruikshank Court " never specified whether the First Amendment contains ' fundamental rights ' protected by the Fourteenth Amendment against state action ....”

Chomsky's approach is characterised by the use of transformational grammar – a theory that has changed greatly since it was first promulgated by Chomsky in his 1957 book Syntactic Structures – and by the assertion of a strong linguistic nativism ( and therefore an assertion that some set of fundamental characteristics of all human languages must be the same ).

The premise of the fine-tuned Universe assertion is that a small change in several of the dimensionless fundamental physical constants would make the Universe radically different.

There are therefore three Divine substances, three Gods, as there are three angels, because each substance constitutes an individual, which is the fundamental assertion of anti-Realism.

One of his fundamental principles is that it is a proposition of general applicability that the same cannot be both affirmed and denied at the same time of the same thing ; but that in any sense involving the truth of either the affirmation or the denial of a proposition, it applies only to existing things, but not to that which transcends speech and knowledge, for this admits neither of affirmation nor of denial, since every assertion respecting it must be false.

It can also rest upon the fundamental assertion that definitions of what constitute crimes are socially and historically contingent, that is, what constitutes a crime varies in different social situations and different periods of history.

For both Plato and Aristotle artistic mimesis, in contrast to the power of dialectic, is relatively incapable of expressing the character of fundamental reality.

That is to say Gabriel's fundamental law had been so much modified by this time that it was neither fundamental nor law any more.

It is a weakness of Gabriel's analysis that he never seems to realize that his so-called fundamental law had already been cut loose from its foundations when it was adapted to democracy.

There is another kind of ardor, a quiet, sure devotion to the fundamental decencies of human life, but no angry utopian contentions.

But the most fundamental objection he has to poets appears in the Tenth Book, and it is derived from his doctrine of ideal forms.

But in ways more fundamental than specific political opinions they are still what they always were: passionate, sure without a shadow of doubt of whatever it is that they are sure of, capable of seeing black and white only and, therefore, committed to the logical extreme of whatever it is they are temporarily committed to.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

If a dancer is good, she suggests purely and superbly the fundamental mechanics of ancestry and progeny -- the continuum of mankind.

The most fundamental concept of the new approach to economic aid is the focusing of our attention, our resources, and our energies on the effort to promote the economic and social development of the less developed countries.

A second fundamental principle is that involved particularly in the present proceeding -- the difference between nighttime and daytime propagation conditions with respect to the standard broadcast frequencies.

For example, child welfare experience abounds with cases in which the parental request for substitute care is precipitated by a crisis event which is meaningfully linked with a fundamental unresolved problem of family relationships.

In the new country the electoral process is considered as a means of resolving fundamental, and sometimes bitter, differences among leaders and also as a source of policy guidance.

The system as indicated in Fig. 7-2 is fundamental and simple because the transient effects of both the platform servo and the accelerometer have been neglected.

However needed this may be, the fundamental problem is not information but active commitment to the total mission of the church of Christ in the world.

The fundamental difficulty of which the Selden case was `` a striking ( though not singular ) example '', concluded Hough, `` will remain as long as testimony is taken without any authoritative judicial officer present, and responsible for the maintenance of discipline, and the reception or exclusion of testimony ''.

( Pp. 228-229 ) in any event, it is obvious that the anti-trust laws did not prevent the formation of some of the greatest financial empires the world has ever known, held together by some of the most fantastic ideas, all based on the fundamental notion that a corporation is an individual who can trade and exchange goods without control by the government ''.

A fundamental source of knowledge in the world today is the book found in our libraries.

Even though his theological theses have become, to us, commonplaces, the fundamental interrogation he phrased is very much with us.

The `` belaboring '' is of course jocular, yet James was not lacking in fundamental seriousness -- unless we measure him by that ultimate seriousness of the great religious leader or thinker who stakes all on his vision of God.

The fundamental technique is a partitioning of the total sum of squares SS into components related to the effects used in the model.

His half-mocking view was that if the deficiencies were fundamental, there was no way to correct them.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

If he himself philosopher did not exist, he would not be there to ask questions about the nature of reality ... on the other hand, this fundamental fact, which we call existence, soon proves a rather barren topic for philosophic speculation ...

Despite the fundamental importance and frequent necessity of statistical reasoning, there may nonetheless have been a tendency among biologists to distrust or deprecate results which are not qualitatively apparent.

In Greece, China and India there was a return to fundamental questions and a new interest in the question of how humans should live.

Member states may, however, implement legislation which allows reopening of a case in the event that new evidence is found or if there was a fundamental defect in the previous proceedings.

The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not prevent the reopening of the case in accordance with the law and penal procedure of the State concerned, if there is evidence of new or newly discovered facts, or if there has been a fundamental defect in the previous proceedings, which could affect the outcome of the case.

Economists Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis famously argued in 1976 that there was a fundamental conflict in American schooling between the egalitarian goal of democratic participation and the inequalities implied by the continued profitability of capitalist production on the other.

For example, there are two fundamental operations on the plane.

The prohibition was lifted in 1983, and although fundamental differences between U. S. and Ecuadorian legislation still exist, there is no current conflict.

Furthermore, Bob is only able to perform his measurement once: there is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics, known as the " no cloning theorem ", which makes it impossible for him to make a million copies of the electron he receives, perform a spin measurement on each, and look at the statistical distribution of the results.

According to the present understanding, there are four fundamental interactions or forces: gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction.

In Euclidean space R < sup > n </ sup >, or any convex subset of R < sup > n </ sup >, there is only one homotopy class of loops, and the fundamental group is therefore the trivial group with one element.

In some models of broken Lorentz symmetry, it is postulated that the symmetry is still built into the most fundamental laws of physics, but that spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz invariance shortly after the Big Bang could have left a " relic field " throughout the universe which causes particles to behave differently depending on their velocity relative to the field ; however, there are also some models where Lorentz symmetry is broken in a more fundamental way.

When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use ; bottom up analysis and top down analysis.

In the aftermath of the atrocities of World War II there was increased concern in the social and legal protection of human rights as fundamental freedoms.

For a given energy in a given volume, there is an upper limit to the density of information ( the Bekenstein bound ) about the whereabouts of all the particles which compose matter in that volume, suggesting that matter itself cannot be subdivided infinitely many times and there must be an ultimate level of fundamental particles.

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic guarantees that there is only one possible string that will be accepted ( providing the factors are required to be listed in order ), which shows that the problem is in both UP and co-UP.

Justin Meggitt states that there are fundamental similarities between the Josephus ' portrayal of John the Baptist and the New Testament narrative in that in both accounts John is positioned as a preacher of morality, not as someone who had challenged the political authority of Herod Antipas.

It promotes the concept there is a shared intersection of values based on the Hebrew Bible (" Torah "), brought into our culture by the founding generations of Biblically oriented Protestants, that is fundamental to American history, cultural identity, and institutions.

The fundamental insight here is that, whilst parallel arrangements of anisotropic objects lead to a decrease in orientational entropy, there is an increase in positional entropy.

Also, there is a fundamental structural difference.