Bile secretions from the liver collect in the gall bladder and flow into the small intestine.

Salamanders lack a valve separating the small intestine from the large intestine.

In the small intestine, enzymes digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

* Absorption ( small intestine )

This inhibition of MAO-A allows DMT to diffuse unmetabolized past the membranes in the stomach and small intestine, and eventually cross the blood – brain barrier ( which, by itself, requires no MAO-A inhibition ) to activate receptor sites in the brain.

Ingested proteins are usually broken up into single amino acids or dipeptides in the small intestine, and then absorbed.

Some species of mold produce alpha-galactosidase, an anti-oligosaccharide enzyme, which humans can take to facilitate digestion of oligosaccharides in the small intestine.

The caecum is either absent or short and simple, and the colon is not sacculated or much wider than the small intestine.

β-Carotene is composed of two retinyl groups, and is broken down in the mucosa of the human small intestine by β-carotene 15, 15 '- monooxygenase to retinal, a form of vitamin A. β-Carotene can be stored in the liver and body fat and converted to retinal as needed, thus making it a form of vitamin A for humans and some other mammals.

Cholera is an infection in the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

When the surviving bacteria exit the stomach and reach the small intestine, they need to propel themselves through the thick mucus that lines the small intestine to get to the intestinal walls, where they can thrive.

V. cholerae bacteria start up production of the hollow cylindrical protein flagellin to make flagella, the cork-screw helical fibers they rotate to propel themselves through the mucus of the small intestine.

This results in constitutive cAMP production, which in turn leads to secretion of H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, Na < sup >+</ sup >, K < sup >+</ sup >, Cl < sup >−</ sup >, and HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup > into the lumen of the small intestine and rapid dehydration.

Microbiologists have studied the genetic mechanisms by which the V. cholerae bacteria turn off the production of some proteins and turn on the production of other proteins as they respond to the series of chemical environments they encounter, passing through the stomach, through the mucous layer of the small intestine, and on to the intestinal wall.

Of particular interest have been the genetic mechanisms by which cholera bacteria turn on the protein production of the toxins that interact with host cell mechanisms to pump chloride ions into the small intestine, creating an ionic pressure which prevents sodium ions from entering the cell.

Current research aims at discovering " the signal that makes the cholera bacteria stop swimming and start to colonize ( that is, adhere to the cells of ) the small intestine.

Sperm is killed and broken down by acid in the stomach and digestive enzymes in the small intestine.

lipid deposits in the small intestine wall.

The giraffe's intestines measure up to in length and have a relatively small ratio of small to large intestine.

* Epiploic appendix, one of several small pouches of fat on the peritoneum along the colon and rectum

General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal contents including esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland ( depending on the availability of head and neck surgery specialists ).

It is expressed exclusively by mammalian small intestine enterocytes and in very low levels in the colon during fetal development.

He described the omentum, and its connections with the stomach, the spleen and the colon ; gave the first correct views of the structure of the pylorus ; observed the small size of the caecal appendix in man ; gave the first good account of the mediastinum and pleura and the fullest description of the anatomy of the brain yet advanced.

Recent research results also demonstrate that the small intestine and large intestine ( colon ) seem to be inefficient at absorbing vitamin K. These results are reinforced by human cohort studies, where a majority of the subjects showed inadequate vitamins K amounts in the body.

* Crohn's disease typically affects fairly well demarcated segments of bowel in the colon and often affects the end of the small bowel.

Lactose, a disaccharide molecule found in milk and dairy products, cannot be directly absorbed through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream so, in the absence of lactase, passes intact into the colon.

If the individual is tolerant, the lactose is digested and absorbed in the small intestine ; otherwise it is not digested and absorbed and it reaches the colon.

In some small mammals, the colon is straight, as it is in other tetrapods, but, in the majority of mammalian species, it is divided into ascending and descending portions ; a distinct transverse colon is typically present only in primates.

These autoinfective larvae penetrate the wall of the lower ileum or colon or the skin of the perianal region, enter the circulation again, up to the lungs, and back down to the small intestine thus repeating the cycle.

In humans, the small intestine is further subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum while the large intestine is subdivided into the cecum and colon.

** Pancolitis: Involvement of the entire colon, extending from the rectum to the cecum, beyond which the small intestine begins.

These include most of the stomach, first part of the duodenum, all of the small intestine, caecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.

The junction between the small intestine and the colon, called the ileocecal valve, is so small in some animals that it was not considered to be a connection between the small and large intestines.

The connection between the end of the small intestine ( ileum ) and the start of the colon ( cecum ) is now clearly understood, but the name has not changed.

Severe cases (" fecal impaction " or malignant constipation ) may exhibit symptoms of bowel obstruction ( vomiting, very tender abdomen ) and encopresis, where soft stool from the small intestine bypasses the mass of impacted fecal matter in the colon.

In their research paper " Lessons from Hereditary Colorectal Cancer ", Vogelstein, et al., suggested that colon cells lose the APC tumor suppressor gene and become a small polyp.

Krukenberg tumors are most commonly metastases from gastric cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, or breast cancer particularly invasive lobular breast carcinoma, but they can arise in the appendix, colon, small intestine, rectum, gallbladder, and urinary bladder or gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas, ampulla of Vater or uterine cervix.

Otherwise one has to write with a small letter after a colon.

Some of the sinusoids contained large numbers of nucleated red cells, and cells of the granulocytic series were found in small numbers.

Some liver cord cells contained vacuolated cytoplasm, while others had small amounts of brown hemosiderin pigment.

Occasionally there were small basophilic fibers that were devoid of myofibrillae and contained many vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli ( Fig. 5 ).

In some tumor sections small spherical bodies, possibly inclusion bodies ( Littau and Black, 1952 ) stained more intensely than the rest of cytoplasm and probably contained more antigen.

The first step in processing was to analyze the returns from Questions 1, 2, and 3 to determine whether the respondents were large businesses or small businesses, in accordance with the definitions contained in ASPR Section 1-701.

Her version contained some new lyrics, as well as a small modification of the melody.

To fix this problem MCP developed a small plugin board which could be plugged into the socket for the WD1771, and which contained a data separator, and a socket for the WD1791 to support dual-density operation.

" The ' most comprehensive explanation ' of the origin of the Balfour Declaration the Foreign Office was able to provide was contained in a small ' unofficial ' note of Jan 1923 affirming that: little is known of how the policy represented by the Declaration was first given form.

In 1171, Constantinople also contained a small community of 2, 500 Jews.

The chip contained custom logic circuits driven by a basic processor which ran a very small program stored in ROM.

The model 1 unit contained a small compartment for storing the controllers when moving it.

The band, who all wore white shirts with a big, black S painted on the front, pulled black ties from around the backs of their necks to form a dollar sign, then started playing a new song titled " Pull My Strings ", a barbed, satirical attack on the ethics of the mainstream music industry, which contained the lyrics, " Is my cock big enough, is my brain small enough, for you to make me a star ?".

The development of the Paul trap and Penning trap allows charged particles to be contained within a small region for long durations.

In 1999, a small sample of the blade underwent metallurgical analysis which confirmed that the blade was made in Moorish Córdoba in the eleventh century and contained amounts of Damascus steel.

As the trigger ( often actually a lever ) was pulled, the match was brought into the open end of a " touch hole " at the base of the gun barrel, which contained a very small quantity of gunpowder, igniting the main charge of gunpowder in the gun barrel.

With the percussion cap mechanism, the small primer charge of gunpowder used in all preceding small arms was replaced by a completely self-contained explosive charge contained in a small brass " cap ".

At the same time as the generation of the gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos discussed above, mouse embryos were also being generated that contained only small regions that were derived from either a paternal or maternal source.

The land purchased contained all of present-day Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska ; parts of Minnesota that were west of the Mississippi River ; most of North Dakota ; most of South Dakota ; northeastern New Mexico ; northern Texas ; the portions of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide ; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River, including the city of New Orleans ; and small portions of land that would eventually become part of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

The portions of the cities that remained intact were small and modest and contained a cathedral or major church ( often sumptuously decorated ) and a few public buildings and townhomes of the aristocracy.

A job step that contained a mix of small and large programs wasted memory while the small programs ran.

These became essential with the appearance of complex synthesizers such as the Yamaha FS1R, which contained several thousand programmable parameters, but had an interface that consisted of fifteen tiny buttons, four knobs and a small LCD.