Law was seen as an emanation of the `` sovereign will ''.

As such, open theists resolve the issue of human free will and God's sovereignty by claiming that God is sovereign because he does not ordain each human choice, but rather works in cooperation with his creation to bring about his will.

Forced against his will into war with Russia, Ahmed III came nearer than any Ottoman sovereign before or since to breaking the power of his northern rival, whose armies his grand vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha succeeded in completely surrounding at the Pruth River Campaign in 1711.

" He points to the fact that the Pope claims universal jurisdiction and he therefore argues that " it would be intolerable to have, as the sovereign of a Protestant and free country, one who owes any allegiance to the head of any other state " and contends that if such situation came about " we will have undone centuries of common law.

Francis presented himself as an open and approachable monarch ( he regularly set aside two mornings each week to meet his imperial subjects, regardless of status, by appointment in his office, even speaking to them in their own language ), but his will was sovereign.

" The sovereign will also hold an audience with the appointee and will at that time induct the governor-designate into the Order of Australia as Companions ( AC ).

::: The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the People, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power.

But no matter how powerful each body may appear to be, the extent to which any of the judgments may be enforced, or proposed treaties and conventions may become or remain effective within the territorial boundaries of each nation is a political matter under the sovereign control of the relevant representative government ( s ) which, in a democratic context, will have electorates to satisfy.

Certain possible sources of law are specifically ended: laws of the Bábí religion, notably in the Persian Bayán, oral traditions ( linked with pilgrim notes, and natural law, ( that is to say God's sovereign will through revelation is the independent authority.

* Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Analyzed the social contract as an expression of the general will, and controversially argued in favor of absolute democracy where the people at large would act as sovereign.

It is God in his sovereign wisdom and will who either grants or withholds healing.

A contrasting Christian view maintains that God is completely sovereign over all things but that he chose to give each individual self-determining free will through prevenient grace.

" Either the sovereign or his or her viceroy may therefore oppose the prime minister's will in extreme, crisis situations.

The question is definitively resolved in Calvinism by asserting that all souls act according to God's sovereign will, and in Mormonism ( see below ) by asserting that human souls have always existed and are co-eternal with God.

Therefore these arguments held that a group of people can join a government because it has the capacity to exercise a single will and make decisions with a single voice in the absence of sovereign authority — a notion rejected by Hobbes and later contract theorists.

In many monarchies, the sovereign is allowed to choose a regnal name by which he or she will be known.

Based on the concept of God's sovereign grace, some hold that, though true believers may stray, they will never totally fall away.

This division is illustrated in a number of ways: The sovereign, for example, holds a unique Canadian title and, when she and other members of the Royal Family are acting in public specifically as representatives of Canada, they will use, where possible, Canadian symbols, including the country's national flag, unique royal symbols, armed forces uniforms, and the like, as well as Canadian Forces aircraft or other Canadian-owned vehicles for travel.

The constitution asserts that the Emperor is merely a symbol and that he derives " his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power " ( Article 1 ).

Her mastery is unparalleled when it comes to the seduction of certain powerful individuals, but popular criticism supports the notion that " as far as Cleopatra is concerned, the main thrust of the play's action might be described as a machine especially devised to bend her to the Roman will ... and no doubt Roman order is sovereign at the end of the play.

In February 2007, the Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty was substantially revised with all references to phrases such as " will be guided " deleted, thus eliminating the last lingering doubts about the sovereign and independent status of Bhutan.

The doctrine that no man can cast off his native allegiance without the consent of his sovereign was early abandoned in the United States, and Chief Justice John Rutledge also declared in Talbot v. Janson, " a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments.

In reply to this the French sovereign dispatched Andrew as his ambassador to Güyük Khan ; with Longjumeau went his brother William ( also a Dominican ) and several others — John Goderiche, John of Carcassonne, Herbert " Le Sommelier ," Gerbert of Sens, Robert ( a clerk ), a certain William, and an unnamed clerk of Poissy.

First: it " mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia "; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law, but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new sovereign of Australia.

Further themes are also present: the " sovereign freedom of Yahweh " ( God does not always do what is expected of him ); the " satirisation of foreign kings " ( who consistently underestimate Israel and Yahweh ); the concept of the " flawed agent " ( judges who are not adequate to the task before them ) and the disunity of the Israelite community ( which gathers pace as the stories succeed one another ).

According to its Memorandum & Articles of Association, its objectives are :- “ To act as Nominee or agent or attorney either solely or jointly with others, for any person or persons, partnership, company, corporation, government, state, organisation, sovereign, province, authority, or public body, or any group or association of them ....” Bank of England Nominees Limited was granted an exemption by Edmund Dell, Secretary of State for Trade, from the disclosure requirements under Section 27 ( 9 ) of the Companies Act 1976, because, “ it was considered undesirable that the disclosure requirements should apply to certain categories of shareholders .” The Bank of England is also protected by its Royal Charter status, and the Official Secrets Act.

This theory also claims there can be only one rightful sovereign ruling all under heaven at a time but throughout Chinese history there have been many contentious and long periods of disunity where the question of legitimacy is moot ; see also Imperial Seal of China.

A Chakravarti is not only a sovereign ruler but also has feudatories.

It is also recognized by other subjects of international law as a sovereign entity, headed by the Pope, with which diplomatic relations can be maintained.

As a colony or other dependent state or territory lacks the authority to vest in a true head of state of its own, it either has no comparable office, simply receiving those roles exercised by the paramount powers ( in person or, most of the time, through an appointed representative, often styled governor or lieutenant-governor, but also various other titles, on the Cook Islands even simply King / Queen's Representative ) or has one, such as a formerly sovereign dynasty, but under a form of metropolitan guardianship, such as protection, vassal or tributary status.

Although Rousseau argues that sovereignty ( or the power to make the laws ) should be in the hands of the people, he also makes a sharp distinction between the sovereign and the government.

However, it can also refer to people who share a common territory and government ( for example the inhabitants of a sovereign state ) irrespective of their ethnic make-up.

The pope is also head of state of Vatican City, a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome.

While the Pennoyer and later Shoe doctrines limit the maximum power of a sovereign state, courts must also have authorization to exercise the state's power ; an individual state may choose to not grant its courts the full power that the state is Constitutionally permitted to exercise.

Most often a republic is a sovereign state, but there are also subnational entities that are referred to as republics, or which have governments that are described as " republican " in nature.

These independent states initially formed a loose confederation called the United States and then later formed the current United States by ratifying the current U. S. Constitution, creating a union of sovereign states with the union or federal government also being a republic.

The denomination state is also employed to federated states that are members of a federal union, which is the sovereign state.

Bodin also held that the lois royales, the fundamental laws of the French monarchy which regulated matters such as succession, are natural laws and are binding on the French sovereign.

In addition, the right to style himself Highness ( Majesty, which since its Roman origin expresses the sovereign authority of the state, was denied to all " vassals "), a title of great importance in international relations, was formally restricted to rulers of relatively high salute ranks ( originally only those with 11 guns or more, later also those with nine guns ).

Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.

One author describes authoritarian political systems as those where " individual rights and goals are subjugated to group goals, expectations and conformities ", while libertarians generally oppose the state and hold the individual as sovereign.

His assaults were again resisted, but he managed to secure not only a truce, but a mutual alliance with Aleppo, in which Gumushtigin and as-Salih were allowed to continue their hold on the city and in return, they recognized Saladin as the sovereign over all of the dominions he conquered.

It was arranged that Thomas Francis, as son of a reigning monarch, would hold the rank of first among the princes étrangers at the French court —- taking precedence even before the formerly all-powerful House of Guise, whose kinship to the sovereign Duke of Lorraine was more remote.

It was arranged that Thomas, as son of a reigning monarch, would hold the rank of first among the princes étrangers at the French court — taking precedence even before the formerly all-powerful House of Guise, whose kinship to the sovereign Duke of Lorraine was more remote.

This revised treaty granted the Principality the sovereign prerogative of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other sovereign states at the highest diplomatic level, that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary — for the Holy See this means at the nunzorial level, i. e., that of an apostolic nunciature headed by an apostolic nuncio ( apostolic nuncios normally hold the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop ).

In medieval England, the sheriffs originally possessed the sovereign authority to release or hold suspected criminals.

In the global economy, International organisations hold sovereign states to account, leading to a situation where sovereignty is co-produced among ' sovereign ' states.

Native American tribes are comprehended as ancient sovereigns, established by their sovereign people since time immemorial, and recognized as sovereign by the federal government of the United States as well as the several states, and as such, the Native American ( and Alaska Native ) tribal governments have rights appertaining to sovereigns, including the power to hold radical title to land, to exercise the four fundamental powers, taxation, eminent domain, police power, and escheat, as well as other powers, for instance, the power to charter corporations and undertake public undertakings that might benefit their tribal citizens, Native Americans and Alaska Natives also being citizens of their respective US state, and also citizens of the United States.

Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund, Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, a sovereign wealth fund owned by Abu Dhabi, and the Government of Singapore also hold significant shareholdings as on June 30, 2012.

Princess Anne was the second daughter of a British sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal.

Section 18 of the constitution which allows for ministers to hold council meetings without the sovereign, a so-called Council of Ministers, is no longer in effect.

The dignity ... terminates, not by virtue of any provisions in its creation but from the absolute incapacity of the sovereign to hold a dignity.

In Capdeville's view it is only natural that a god of beginnings and a sovereign mother deity have common features, as all births can be seen as beginnings, Juno is invoked by deliverers, who by custom hold a key, symbol of Janus.

The Keys hold sovereign power in their own demesne and their day.

The Parliament of Catalonia voted to hold a ' referendum or consultation ' in the next four years legislature on which the people of Catalonia would decide on becoming a new independent and sovereign State.

Bretislaus also wished to end the elective principle of succession and replace it with a type of seniorate as conceptualised by Bretislaus I: the eldest prince of the reigning family would hold Bohemia as sovereign over the entire state while the younger scions of the dynasty ruled as territorial dukes over the regions of Moravia.

Megacorps are so powerful that they can ignore the law, possess their own heavily-armed ( often military-sized ) private armies, hold ' sovereign ' territory, and possibly even act as outright governments.

This gave him much hold over the Protestant and youthful sovereign, Edward VI, and his power, importance and activity rapidly increased.

In contrast, the United Kingdom managed to hold on to their colonies in South East Asia until 1957 ( Malaya ) and 1963 ( Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore ) and were able to maintain the Commonwealth with the British sovereign as the titular head of this organisation.