Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

The term Afroasiatic Urheimat ( Urheimat meaning " original homeland " in German ) refers to the ' hypothetical ' place where Proto-Afroasiatic speakers lived in a single linguistic community, or complex of communities, before this original language dispersed geographically and divided into distinct languages.

In sum, the idea was that Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic form a Sprachbund – the result of convergence through intensive borrowing and long contact among speakers of languages that are not necessarily closely related.

Antisemitism refers specifically to prejudice against Jews alone and in general, despite the fact that there are other speakers of Semitic languages ( e. g. Arabs, Ethiopians, or Assyrians ) and that not all Jews speak a Semitic language.

But, such complete secret languages are rare, because the speakers usually have some public language in common, on which the argot is largely based.

However, the allophone phenomenon becomes obvious when speakers switch languages.

Whorf is widely known as an advocate for the idea that because of linguistic differences in grammar and usage, speakers of different languages conceptualize and experience the world differently.

These two invasions caused English to become " mixed " to some degree ( though it was never a truly mixed language in the strictest sense of the word ; mixed languages arise from the cohabitation of speakers of different languages, who develop a hybrid tongue for basic communication ).

Although the possession of a common language shows that its speakers have lived together and have a common history, peoples also change languages.

For a few illustrative examples: German speakers use " Wasserstoff " ( water substance ) for " hydrogen ", " Sauerstoff " ( acid substance ) for " oxygen " and " Stickstoff " ( smothering substance ) for " nitrogen ", while English and some romance languages use " sodium " for " natrium " and " potassium " for " kalium ", and the French, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese and Poles prefer " azote / azot / azoto " ( from roots meaning " no life ") for " nitrogen ".

SIL Ethnologue lists six " living " Celtic languages, of which four have retained a substantial number of native speakers.

For both these languages, however, revitalization movements have led to the adoption of these languages by adults and children and produced some native speakers.

Taken together, there were roughly one million native speakers of Celtic languages as of the 2000s.

In 2010, there were more than 1. 4 million speakers of Celtic languages.

Meinhof's system of classification of the Hamitic languages was based on a belief that " speakers of Hamitic became largely coterminous with cattle herding peoples with essentially Caucasian origins, intrinsically different from and superior to the ' Negroes of Africa '.

Speakers of Czech and Slovak usually understand both languages in their written and spoken form, thus constituting a pluricentric language, though some dialects or heavily accented speech in either language might present difficulties to speakers of the other ( in particular, Czech speakers may find Eastern Slovak dialects difficult to comprehend ).

They are named after the Biblical character Cush, who was traditionally identified as an ancestor of the speakers of these specific languages as early as AD 947 ( in Masudi's Arabic history Meadows of Gold ).

Other languages with more than one million speakers are Hadia ( 1. 6 million ), Kambata ( 1. 4 million ), and Afar ( 1. 5 million ).

Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic ( 38, 900 speakers ), Amharic ( 1, 400 speakers ), Greek ( 1, 000 speakers ) and Hindi ( 600 speakers ).

but when the sounds of the two speakers are allowed to mix, there is excellent depth and dimension to the music.

Whereas for certain other language families, such as the speakers of Indo-European, Uralic, and Austronesian, we are able to frame substantial hypotheses, in the case of the proposed Altaic family everything remains to be done.

The Central Austro-Bavarian dialects are more intelligible to speakers of Standard German than the Southern Austro-Bavarian dialects of Tyrol.

There are between 500-600 native Irish speakers in Achill parish.

Black sign language speakers are also more likely to sign higher on the body.

Native speakers of a given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that language and are " both unaware of and even shocked by " the allophone variations used to pronounce single phonemes.

English speakers treat them as the same sound, but they are different: the first is aspirated and the second is unaspirated ( plain ).

Native Hindi speakers pronounce / व / as in vrat (' व ् रत ', fast ) but in pakwan (' पकव ा न ', food dish ), treating them as a single phoneme and without being aware of the allophone distinctions they are subconsciously making, though these are apparent to native English speakers.

Students are often performers, such as actors, dancers, musicians, athletes and public speakers, or people who work on computers, or who are in frequent pain for other reasons.

Chief among other English dialects are Canadian English ( based on the English of United Empire Loyalists who left the 13 Colonies ), and Australian English, which rank third and fourth in number of native speakers.

The contrasting view that " Achaeans ", as understood through Homer, are " a name without a country ", an ethnos created in the Epic tradition, has modern supporters among those who conclude that " Achaeans " were redefined in the fifth century, as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek.

English voiceless stops are aspirated for most native speakers when they are word-initial or begin a stressed syllable, as in pen, ten, Ken.

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spun, stun, skunk.

Whorf argued that paying attention to how other physical phenomena are described in the study of linguistics could make valuable contributions to science by pointing out the ways in which certain assumptions about reality are implicit in the structure of language itself, and how language guides the attention of speakers towards certain phenomena in the world which risk becoming overemphasized while leaving other phenomena at risk of being overlooked.

Haplogroup R1a1 ( Y-DNA ) is believed to be a marker of the Proto-Indo-European language speakers.

Since Brown and Lenneberg believed that the objective reality denoted by language was the same for speakers of all languages, they decided to test how different languages codified the same message differently and whether differences in codification could be proven to affect behavior.

" / la ' vistika /, which is believed to be a contraction of the expression " la Vírgen de Tíscar ", a popular virgin of the province, although there are no exact data to confirm the origin of the last expression which is, nevertheless, widespread among speakers of the province.

In 1990 there were approximately 3, 000 speakers of Texas German in Gillespie and Kendall counties, but this is believed to have declined in the last two decades.

There are also several hundred native speakers who live not only in Queens, New York ( as is mistakenly believed by newcomers to the study of the language ), but throughout the five boroughs of New York City, as well as in upstate New York and the neighboring states of New Jersey and Connecticut ; there are also still native speakers in California.

Probably the largest single block of such immigrants are speakers of the Copala Triqui language, who are believed to have fled from poverty and long-standing armed conflict in their native region.

" Then, in a letter sent to King ’ s students on April 10, Olasky wrote that he believed statements like those Hauerwas had made " when I was a Marxist and parroted speakers very much like him.

Their language is very similar to the Evenki language and it is believed that speakers of these two languages can understand 70 % of the other language.

It is believed that the circular set of stairs of the Comitium, which also doubled as seating for citizens listening to speakers at the Rostra, led up to the Curia's entrance.

It is believed to have 1. 5 million speakers, the Afar.

They believed that a single leader " would not only draw attention away from other speakers and the wider Party, but would bring with it risks that the other parties in this country are all too well aware of ".

Karlgren on the other hand notes that the Tang koine was adopted by most speakers in China ( except for those in Fujian ) with only slight remnants of “ vulgar ” speech from pre-Tang times which he believed were preserved among the lower classes, albeit this makes many presumptions about Tang China ’ s class structure and sociolinguistic situation.

The indigenous speakers of Pangasinense are descendants of these prehistoric settlers, who were probably part of the prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan about 100 to 200 thousand years ago.

It is generally believed that the speakers of this language originally came from the Armenian mountains and spread over southeast Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.

It is generally believed that listenership is high amongst fluent Irish speakers but its appeal among those learning the language is not as high as TG4 because ( despite being available nationally ) it is widely perceived as being oriented ( as its name suggests ) towards Gaeltacht residents.

How many Pre-Indo-European languages existed is not known, nor whether the ancient names of peoples believed, in ancient times or now, to have descended from the pre-ancient population, referred to speakers of distinct languages.

In the late eighteenth century, many speakers of Gbe were enslaved and transported to the New World: it is believed that Gbe languages played some role in the genesis of several Caribbean creole languages.

With no more than a thousand speakers of Istro-Romanian believed to remain in Istria, the language has been called for centuries " rumeno " and " istrorumeno " by the native speakers and " rumunski " and " istrorumunski " by the Slavs, is on the verge of extinction.

Some students believed Daley was an insufficient speaker, with concerns focusing on his ethics, lack of relevance outside of Chicago, and the fact that recent commencements had more influential speakers, including Senators Barack Obama and John McCain.

The idea of covert prestige was first introduced by William Labov, who noticed that even speakers who used non-standard dialects often believed that their own dialect was " bad " or " inferior ".

" It is the parachesis and assonance common in the regime's language, along with the threatening presentation by trained speakers that Weilgart believed played to the emotions and exacerbated the propaganda's effectiveness.

Additionally, in light of their distinct society and isolated geography, as many as 3, 000 mostly elderly people living on Houma tribal lands in the Lafourche Basin are believed to be monolingual speakers of French.