he was working with species of Java, so perhaps some tropical snakes are unusual in this respect.

Of these, 1, 356 ( 33. 6 %) were considered to be threatened and this figure is likely to be an underestimate because it excludes 1, 427 species for which there was insufficient data to assess their status.

Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.

In 2008, it was discovered that the inactivation of only two genes in one species of annual plant leads to the conversion into a perennial plant.

Although most extant species of Asteraceae are herbaceous, the examination of the basal members in the family suggests that the common ancestor of the family was an arborescent plant, a tree or shrub, perhaps adapted to dry conditions, radiating from South America.

A number of species have come to be considered invasive, including, most notably in North America, dandelion, which was originally introduced by European settlers who used the young leaves as a salad green.

This fossil was originally described as a species of Australopithecus, but White and his colleagues later published a note in the same journal renaming the fossil under a new genus, Ardipithecus.

The type species, A. sarcophagus, was apparently restricted in range to the modern-day Canadian province of Alberta, after which the genus is named.

It is improbable, however, that the production of amber was limited to a single species ; and indeed a large number of conifers belonging to different genera are represented in the amber-flora.

He was considered the 19th century's leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species and is sometimes called the " father of biogeography ".

The species was introduced into cultivation at the beginning of the eighteenth century.

No one knows the exact species it was crossed with to produce color variations of white, cream, peach, magenta and nearly red hues.

The program was successful in terms of increasing the population of blue foxes, but their predation of Aleutian Canadian geese conflicted with the goal of preserving that species.

By 1987 a comprehensive survey of the phylum was completed: in all, 4516 species and 339 genera had been named.

When a group of different plant species was prompted by a variety of different stress signals, such as drought or cold, each plant responded uniquely.

Animal species diversity was also significantly impacted: in one study, a Harvard biologist found 24 species of birds and 5 species of mammals in a sprayed forest, while in two adjacent sections of unsprayed forest there were 145 and 170 species of birds and 30 and 55 species of mammals.

According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia species in 1826.

The substance so defined was a species.

One of these was the property, an essential universal true of the species, but not in the definition ( in modern terms, some examples would be grammatical language, a property of man, or a spectral pattern characteristic of an element, both of which are defined in other ways ).

A species of Paranthropus, such as Paranthropus robustus, with its crested skull and bipedal gait, was suggested by primatologist John Napier and anthropologist Gordon Strasenburg as a possible candidate for Bigfoot's identity, despite the fact that fossils of Paranthropus are found only in Africa.

The study found that there was ' no verifiable evidence ' of exotic felines loose in Britain, and that the mauled farm animals could have been attacked by common indigenous species.

Two species are described in the literature: A. ramidus, which lived about 4. 4 million years ago during the early Pliocene, and A. kadabba, dated to approximately 5. 6 million years ago ( late Miocene ).

The number of species recognized worldwide ranges between 30 and 130 with over 200 species-level taxa described.

No modern species should be described as more " primitive " than others, strictly speaking, since each has an equally long evolutionary history — but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence.

Other common names for the blue whale have included Sibbald's rorqual ( after Sibbald, who first described the species ), the great blue whale and the great northern rorqual.

Authorities classify the species into three or four subspecies: B. m. musculus, the northern blue whale consisting of the North Atlantic and North Pacific populations, B. m. intermedia, the southern blue whale of the Southern Ocean, B. m. brevicauda, the pygmy blue whale found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, and the more problematic B. m. indica, the great Indian rorqual, which is also found in the Indian Ocean and, although described earlier, may be the same subspecies as B. m. brevicauda.

The words at the administration of Communion which, in the prayer book of 1549 described the Eucharistic species as ' The body of our Lorde Jesus Christe ...', ' The blood of our Lorde Jesus Christe ...' were replaced with the words ' Take, eat, in remembrance that Christ died for thee ..' etc.

It was one of many species described by Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae ( 1735 ).

The genus Candida and species C. albicans were described by botanist Christine Marie Berkhout in her doctoral thesis at the University of Utrecht in 1923.

About 40 % of all described insect species are beetles ( about 400, 000 species ), and new species are discovered frequently.

Some estimates put the total number of species, described and undescribed, at as high as 100 million, but a figure of 1 million is more widely accepted.

Beetles are by far the largest orders of insects, with 350, 000 – 400, 000 species in four suborders ( Adephaga, Archostemata, Myxophaga, and Polyphaga ), making up about 40 % of all insect species described.

Based on estimates for all 165 families, more than 358, 000 species of beetles have been described and are considered valid.

Most species ( about 62 %) are in six extremely diverse families, each with at least 20, 000 described species: Curculionidae, Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidae, Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Cerambycidae.

The smaller families account for 22 % of the total species – 127 families with fewer than 1000 described species and 29 families with 1000 – 6000 described species.

Chimpanzees have been described as highly territorial and are known to kill other chimps, although Margaret Power wrote in her 1991 book The Egalitarians that the field studies from which the aggressive data came, Gombe and Mahale, use artificial feeding systems that increased aggression in the chimpanzee populations studied, so might not reflect innate characteristics of the species as a whole.

One species of ambiguity tries to baffle by interweaving repetition.

If you really insist on knowing their names, an excellent book on the North American species is Bumblebees And Their Ways by O. E. Plath.

Most species seem to prefer a ready-made hollow such as a deserted mouse nest, a bird house, or the hole made by a woodpecker ; ;

MacLean stressed correctly the importance of the visceral brain for preservation of the individual and the species, as evidenced by the influence of the limbic brain ( including the hypothalamus ) on emotions related to fight and flight and also on sexual functions.

In another study chromium-substituted aluminum oxyhydroxides and related species, prepared homogeneously by high-temperature hydrolysis, are being characterized and investigated spectrally in the ultraviolet region with a view to identification and semiquantitative estimation of the phases formed under varying preparative conditions.

The suborder Neobatrachia is by far the largest group and includes the remaining families of modern frogs, including most common species.

The colour change displayed by many species is initiated by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

In frogs, the hind legs are larger than the fore legs, especially so in those species that principally move by jumping or swimming.

Some species in the Plethodontidae have a weak zone at the base of the tail and if the salamander is in danger or if the tail is grabbed by a predator, it breaks off, a process known as autotomy.

Tadpoles do not have true teeth but, in most species, the jaws have long, parallel rows of small keratinized structures called keradonts surrounded by a horny beak.

In the majority of species of caecilians, the young are produced by vivipary.

The presence of a particular species in an area may be more easily discerned by its characteristic call than by a fleeting glimpse of the animal itself.

In most species, the sound is produced by expelling air from the lungs over the vocal cords into an air sac or sacs in the throat or at the corner of the mouth.

A more or less typical monocotyledon, the species can be recognized by its shortly branched inflorescence covered with branched hairs ( giving rise to the common name of Lamb's-tail ).

The corms of some species of Iridaceae are used as food by some indigenous peoples.

Many species have an erect woody stem which is covered with persistent dried leaves unless there have been fires, topped by a crown of long thin leaves.

The Asterales, by dint of being a super-set of the family Asteraceae, include some species grown for food, including the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ), lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) and chicory ( Cichorium ).

Loyalty requires affection also to the office of the Sovereign, attachment to royalty, attachment to the law and to the constitution of the realm, and he who would, by force or by fraud, endeavour to prostrate that law and constitution, though he may retain his affection for its head, can boast but an imperfect and spurious species of loyalty ( R v O ' Connell ( 1844 ) 7 ILR 261 ).

In terms of numbers of species, Asteraceae is rivaled only by Orchidaceae.

Birds of humid Andean forests include mountain-toucans, quetzals and the Andean Cock-of-the-rock, while mixed species flocks dominated by tanagers and Furnariids commonly are seen-in contrast to several vocal but typically cryptic species of wrens, tapaculos and antpittas.