Thus, thermal conductivity will be largely determined by the speed of longitudinal phonons.

In solids, the speed of longitudinal waves depend on the stiffness to tensile stress, and the density of the medium.

* for the same reason, on a very long train, a considerable volume of air has to be admitted to the train pipe to make a full brake application, and a considerable volume has to be exhausted to release the brake ( if for example a signal at danger is suddenly lowered and the driver requires to resume speed ); while the air is traveling along the train pipe, the brake pistons at the head of the train have responded to the brake application or release, but those at the tail will respond much later, leading to undesirable longitudinal forces in the train.

* Chines-Are long, longitudinal strips on hydroplaning hulls that deflect downwards the spray that is produced by the hull when it travels at speed in the water.

: c is the longitudinal wave speed or sound speed (; m / s )

* Configuration: longitudinal 6 speed manual + reverse, limited slip differential, RWD

* Electronic adaptive damping ( based on steering wheel angle and velocity, the body ’ s vertical and longitudinal acceleration, brake line pressure, and vehicle speed )

When the effects of the electron thermal speed are taken into account, the electron pressure acts as a restoring force as well as the electric field and the oscillations propagate with frequency and wavenumber related by the longitudinal Langmuir wave:

Torpedoes have commonly used contra-rotating propellers to give the maximum possible speed within a limited diameter as well as counteracting the torque that would otherwise tend to cause the torpedo to rotate around its own longitudinal axis.

Audio quality was compromised due the use of longitudinal audio tape heads in combination with slow tape speed.

He noticed that the mass not only varied due to speed, but is also dependent on the direction, and he introduced what Abraham later called " longitudinal " and " transverse " mass.

The work of Burridge initiated the exploration for intersonic crack growth ( when the crack tip velocity V is between the shear in wave speed C ^ 8 and the longitudinal wave speed C ^ 1.

The greater the depth of the water, the greater is the speed of the wave ; ;

where is the specific heat at constant pressure, is the specific heat at constant volume, and is the wave speed.

: Copenhagenists claim that interpretations of quantum mechanics where the wave function is regarded as real have problems with EPR-type effects, since they imply that the laws of physics allow for influences to propagate at speeds greater than the speed of light.

Any accelerating electric charge, and therefore any changing electric current, gives rise to an electromagnetic wave that propagates at very high speed outside the surface of the conductor.

The ratio of the speed of the electromagnetic wave to the speed of light in free space is called the velocity factor, and depends on the electromagnetic properties of the conductor and the insulating materials surrounding it, and on their shape and size.

In this work, Doppler postulated his principle ( later coined the Doppler effect ) that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer, and he tried to use this concept for explaining the colour of binary stars.

Because the speed of EM waves predicted by the wave equation coincided with the measured speed of light, Maxwell concluded that light itself is an EM wave.

In refraction, a wave crossing from one medium to another of different density alters its speed and direction upon entering the new medium.

where v is the speed of the wave ( c in a vacuum, or less in other media ), f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength.

As a wave, it is characterized by a velocity ( the speed of light ), wavelength, and frequency.

The speed of light and other EMR predicted by Maxwell's equations did not appear unless the equations were modified in a way first suggested by FitzGerald and Lorentz ( see history of special relativity ), or else otherwise it would depend on the speed of observer relative to the " medium " ( called luminiferous aether ) which supposedly " carried " the electromagnetic wave ( in a manner analogous to the way air carries sound waves ).

He could moreover prove that such a wave would necessarily travel at the speed of light, and thus light itself was a form of electromagnetic radiation.

Rail fins also add lift ( known as " drive ") in trim and with greater holding ability, enable steeper wave faces to be ridden and higher speed " down the line.

where m is the mass of the particle, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, is the Lorentz factor, and v is the velocity of the particle regardless of wave behavior.

Since wave resistance and other impeding forces such as various types of drag ( physics ) on the hull are eliminated as the hull is lifted clear, turbulence and drag act only on the much smaller surface area of the hydrofoil and there is a marked increase in speed.

A different ontology arises if we need to attend to the electrodynamics in the device: Here signals propagate at finite speed and an object ( like a resistor ) that was previously viewed as a single component with an I / O behavior may now have to be thought of as an extended medium through which an electromagnetic wave flows.

Maxwell once again used the experimental results of Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch to show that this wave equation represented an electromagnetic wave that propagates at the speed of light, hence supporting the view that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

The blast from a nuclear bomb is the result of X-ray-heated air ( the fireball ) sending a shock / pressure wave in all directions at a velocity greater than the speed of sound ( aka, the " Mach-Stem "), analogous to thunder generated by lightning.

The blast sent out a hyper-intensified shock wave which travelled at ( slightly above ) the speed of sound, turning buildings into shrapnel.

Let me pass over the trip to Sante Fe with something of the same speed which made Mrs. Roebuck `` wonduh if the wahtahm speed limit '' ( 35 m.p.h. ) `` is still in ee-faket ''.

The speed is controlled by pressing on the two brake buttons located where the index finger and thumb are placed when holding the motor.

If there is anything which we can do in the executive branch of the Government to speed up the processes by which we come to decisions on matters on which we must act promptly, that in itself would be a major contribution to the conduct of our affairs.

A substantial increase is estimated in the cost of operating additional communications systems in the air defense program, as well as in all programs where speed and security of communications are essential.

Another example is the recent cancellation of the F-108, a long-range interceptor with a speed three times as great as the speed of sound, which was designed for use against manned bombers in the period of the mid-1960's.

It is equipped with electronic controls that can be set to hold precise tension and speed.

The reason that we are not going ahead full speed to develop high thrust-to-weight engines is that it would cost perhaps a billion dollars -- and you don't spend that sort of money if aircraft are obsolete.

To determine car speed for a given combination of engine speed, gear ratio, and tire size, the formula is: Af.

To determine engine speed for a given combination of the other three factors the formula is: Af.

The Deerstalker points with the ease, speed and precision of a fine imported double shotgun, and its trigger pull is light and sharp.

On most drill presses, it is impossible to get the exact speed, but you can come close by adjusting the drive belt on the step-cone pulleys.

My unscientific friend does not believe that human stature is measurable in terms of speed, momentum, weightlessness, or distance from earth, but is a matter of the development of the human mind.

Its speed has increased, it operates at increasingly greater depths, its submerged endurance is becoming unlimited, and it will become even more silent.

The typical appearance of these various mechanisms is illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, which are single frame enlargements of high speed movies taken during the course of the knife removal process.

No optimism is more baseless than that which believes that the high speed of modern digital computers allows for use of the crudest of methods in searching out a result.

Physically, a movie is possible because a series of images is projected one at a time at such a speed that the eye `` remembers '' the one that has gone before even as it registers the one now appearing.

The Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about per year ; see Circle of latitude for more information.

When speed is being measured, the instruction set matters.

* ASA is a film speed rating system defined by the former American Standards Association