In the sixth edition Darwin inserted a new chapter VII ( renumbering the subsequent chapters ) to respond to criticisms of earlier editions, including the objection that many features of organisms were not adaptive and could not have been produced by natural selection.

Unlike the classical methods, where the pattern for changing the stimuli is preset, in adaptive methods the subject's response to the previous stimuli determines the level at which a subsequent stimulus is presented.

An adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack ( abbreviated as CCA2 ) is an interactive form of chosen-ciphertext attack in which an attacker sends a number of ciphertexts to be decrypted, then uses the results of these decryptions to select subsequent ciphertexts.

The idea of adaptive summarization involves preliminary recognition of document / text genre and subsequent application of summarization algorithms optimized for this genre.

AdaBoost is adaptive in the sense that subsequent classifiers built are tweaked in favor of those instances misclassified by previous classifiers.

Generally speaking, however, the dispersal and subsequent explosive adaptive radiation of sigmodontine rodents throughout South America ( leading to over 80 currently recognized genera ) was vastly more successful ( both spatially and by number of species ) than any northward migration of South American mammals.

The conceptual foundation of serious play combines ideas from constructivism ( Piaget 1951 ), its subsequent version constructionism ( Harel and Papert 1991 ), complex adaptive system theory ( Holland 1995 ) and autopoietic corporate epistemology ( von Krogh and Roos 1994 ; 1995 ) applied to the context of management and organizations.

Around 70, 000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and radiation poisoning.

Additional research has shown that subsequent to this elimination of ammonoids from the global biota, nautiloids began an evolutionary radiation into shell shapes and complexities theretofore known only from ammonoids .< ref >

Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation / electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the subsequent collection of this scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image.

In this early work, TTAPS carried out the first estimates of the total smoke and dust emissions that would result from a major nuclear exchange, and determined quantitatively the subsequent effects on the atmospheric radiation balance and temperature structure.

The important E1 component is generated by interaction with the electrons in the upper atmosphere that are hit by gamma radiation from the weapon — and the subsequent effects upon those electrons by the Earth's magnetic field.

A test explosion and subsequent calculations done by the United States Department of Energy found that assuming nothing is done to clean up the affected area and everyone stays in the affected area for one year, the radiation exposure would be " fairly high ", but not fatal.

A subsequent increase in PSA levels by 2. 0 ng / dL above the nadir is the currently accepted definition of prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy.

The Iridaceae originated in Antarctica-Australasia in the late Cretaceous, about 82 million years ago, although the family's subsequent radiation occurred elsewhere, notably in southern Africa and temperate and highland South America, at the end of the Eocene or later.

The Iridaceae originated in Antarctica-Australasia, although its subsequent radiation occurred elsewhere, notably in southern Africa and temperate and highland South America at the end of the Eocene or later.

" The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation.

The mechanism of terahertz radiation is tribocharging of the adhesive tape and subsequent discharge.

" The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation.

Collectively, these electrons are defined as delta radiation when they have sufficient energy to ionize further atoms through subsequent interactions on their own.

In 2009, Yauch was diagnosed and treated for a cancerous parotid gland and a lymph node, underwent surgery and radiation therapy, delaying the release of Hot Sauce Committee Part Two and the subsequent tour.

His work became the basis for subsequent efforts which culminated in the " German unit of radiation ".

Following his exposure to cosmic radiation and subsequent " death ", Henshaw's consciousness survives in an electronic state, making him virtually indestructible as he can transfer his electronic consciousness into any nearby machine ( and even some that are light years away ).

* The cosmic background radiation, hard evidence of the Big Bang and the subsequent expansion of the universe.

Only in the border between a matter dominated region and an antimatter dominated region would the antimatter's presence be detectable, as only there would matter / antimatter annihilation ( and the subsequent production of gamma radiation ) occur.

The relationship between radiation exposure and subsequent cancer risk is considered " the best understood, and certainly the most highly quantified, dose-response relationship for any common environmental human carcinogen ", according to report by the National Cancer Institute.

* The cosmic background radiation, hard evidence of the Big Bang and the subsequent expansion of the universe.

It was Plummer, in fact, who coined the much quoted remark: `` Mr. Green indeed writes as if he had been present at the landing of the Saxons and had watched every step of their subsequent progress ''.

Mrs. B. compared her feelings of weakness to her feelings of weakness and helplessness at the time of her mother's death when she was eight, as well as her subsequent anger at her father for remarrying.

It was also hoped that responses to a mail questionnaire would suggest fruitful inquiries that might be made in subsequent studies of a more detailed nature.

The Golden Bough was abridged drastically in subsequent editions after his first.

He took part in the subsequent campaign, but when the Peace of Passau was signed in August 1552 he separated himself from his allies and began a crusade of plunder in Franconia, which led to the Second Margrave War.

After their setbacks against the Huns, Alaric was probably a child during the Goths ' mass migration across the Danube and their subsequent war with Rome.

The death of Alexander and the subsequent period of instability in Scotland was lamented in an early Scots poem recorded by Andrew of Wyntoun in his Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland.

However, he became gravely ill during the 1918 flu pandemic and, since Spain was neutral and thus under no wartime censorship restrictions, his illness and subsequent recovery were covered worldwide, giving the false impression ( in the absence of real news from anywhere else ) that Spain was the most-affected area.

A new version of democracy was established from 403 BC, but it can be linked with both earlier and subsequent reforms ( graphē paranómōn 416 BC ; end of assembly trials 355 BC ).

In the subsequent centuries, the Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935.

The second part was for the subsequent distribution of this wealth to benevolent causes.

As such, the workers would have been well within their rights to protest, and subsequent government action would have been a set of criminal procedures designed to crush what was seen as a pivotal demonstration of the growing labor rights movement, strongly opposed by management.

Aeschylus's work was so respected by the Athenians, that after his death his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions.

In subsequent years, the Acropolis was a site of bustling human activity with many Byzantine, Frankish, and Ottoman structures.

Applesoft II, which was made available on cassette and disk and in the ROM of the Apple II Plus and subsequent models, was released in 1978.

With the purchase of NeXT and subsequent development of Mac OS X, AppleTalk was strictly a legacy system.

Between the years 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was the technical director of Aston Martin, and the designer of all subsequent Aston Martin cars during this period, these being known as the " Bertelli cars ".

The SANNC was founded in the subsequent year on 8 January 1912.

But time and the investigations of subsequent explorers have shown that Abbadie was quite trustworthy as to his facts, though wrong in his contention — hotly contested by Beke — that the Blue Nile was the main stream.

The development of Aelbert Cuyp, who was trained as a landscape painter, may be roughly sketched in three phases based on the painters who most influenced him during that time and the subsequent artistic characteristics that are apparent in his paintings.

Vietnamese academic and journalist Doan Viet Hoat was nicknamed " the Sakharov of Vietnam " for his criticism of Vietnam's communist leadership and his subsequent imprisonment.

A subsequent phase was conducted that allowed clinicians to offer clozapine which was more effective at reducing medication drop-outs than other neuroleptic agents.