Joan was the only surviving child and heiress of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Marquis of Provence, so under Provençal and French law, the lands should have gone to her nearest male relative.

The distractions provided by Heureux, Mercure and Justice allowed Villeneuve to bring most of the surviving French ships to the mouth of the bay at 11: 00.

File: British Museum Royal Gold Cup. jpg | Room 40-Royal Gold Cup or Saint Agnes Cup, c. AD 1370-80 ( generally agreed to be the outstanding surviving example of late medieval French plate )

The older mixed Vulgate / Diatessaron text type also appears to have continued as a distinct tradition, as such texts appear to underlie surviving 13th-14th century Gospel harmonies in Middle Dutch, Middle High German, Middle French, Middle English, Tuscan and Venetian ; although no example of this hypothetical Latin sub-text has ever been identified.

The Foreign Legion has remained an important part of the French Army, surviving three Republics, the Second French Empire, two World Wars, the rise and fall of mass conscript armies, the dismantling of the French colonial empire, and the loss of the Foreign Legion's base, Algeria.

After the French removed the surviving 7, 000 troops in late 1803, the leaders of the revolution declared the new nation of independent Haiti in early 1804.

Later that year, the 7, 000 surviving French troops were withdrawn from the island, and in 1804 Haiti declared its independence as the second republic in the western hemisphere.

But yellow fever and the fierce resistance of black revolutionaries destroyed the French army in what became the only successful slave revolt in history, and it withdrew its surviving troops in November 1803.

The purpose of the labyrinths is not clear, though there are surviving descriptions of French clerics performing a ritual Easter dance along the path on Easter Sunday.

After being purchased by the neighbouring school it passed on to be property of the French state in 1958, and after surviving several plans of demolition, it was designated as an official French historical monument in 1965 ( a rare occurrence, as Le Corbusier was still living at the time ).

There is a surviving letter from the French king dated 7 November 1300 to his envoys in Rome demanding that they should help Sir William.

In the course of the meeting, Heydrich presented a plan, presumably approved by Adolf Hitler, for the deportation of the Jewish population of Europe and French North Africa ( Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia ) to German-occupied areas in eastern Europe, and the use of the Jews fit for labour on road-building projects, in the course of which they would eventually die according to the text of the Wannsee Protocol, the surviving remnant to be annihilated after completion of the projects.

In contrast to the surviving Latin manuscripts, there are " at least fifty-nine manuscripts or fragments of manuscripts " containing the Old French translation.

One reason the language of Aquitaine is important is because Basque is the last surviving non-Indo-European language in western Europe and it has had some effect on the languages around it, including Spanish and, to a lesser extent, French.

Some surviving early medieval pieces depict the piece as a queen, and the word fers became grammatically feminized in several languages, for example alferza in Spanish and fierce or fierge in French, prior to its replacement with names such as reine or dame ( lady ).

A ship of the French East India Company rescued the surviving thirty men and one widow in 1674.

The main French assault was launched on 25 September and at first made good progress, in spite of surviving wire entanglements and machine gun posts.

In October the French squadron was devastated by a cyclone, losing four ships of the line and suffering heavy damage to four more, and the surviving ships withdrew.

Evolving in Haiti during the 1850s, the Haitian merengue ( known as the mereng in Haitiean Creole and méringue in French ) is regarded as the oldest surviving form of merengue performed today and is a national symbol.

At the death of his father in 1765, Charles's oldest surviving brother, Louis Auguste, became the new Dauphin ( the heir apparent to the French throne ).

One of the earliest surviving oils on canvas is a French Madonna with angels from around 1410 in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.

Once an additional 20 of the Carthaginian ships had been hooked and lost to the Romans, Hamilcar retreated with his surviving ships, leaving Duilius with a clear victory.

* September 6 – The Vittoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, returns to Sanlucar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the world.

Some of the oldest surviving European ship models have been those of early craft such as galleys, galleons, and possibly carracks, dating from the 12th through the 15th centuries and found occasionally mounted in churches, where they were used in ceremonies to bless ships and those who sailed in them, or as votive offerings for successful voyages or surviving peril at sea, a practice which remained common in Catholic countries until the 19th century.

After the surviving ships of Magellan's fleet visited the Moluccas in 1521, Spain claimed that those islands were within its western hemisphere.

The surviving ships ' crews, numbering about 200, then made their way overland to Crown Point, narrowly escaping an Indian ambush.

The majority of its surviving heavy ships, deprived of fuel, remained in their bases for the rest of the Pacific War.

On 4 November the admiralty issued orders for the surviving ships to move to the Abrolhos Rocks, where a new force was being assembled.

Japanese battleship Mikasa | Mikasa, one of the earlier ships of the Empire of Japan, and the only surviving predreadnought battleship.

The late Middle Ages was important as the time of the development of the cogs, caravels and carracks ships capable of surviving the tough conditions of the open ocean, with enough backup systems and crew expertise to make long voyages routine.

Although the cruise did lead to the capture of a number of British merchant ships, the French fleet was battered by storms in which several ships were sunk and all the surviving ships suffered heavy damage.

The attack was over at 16: 48, and the surviving Japanese aircraft reassembled in small groups and returned to their ships.

The earliest surviving mention of Eretria was by Homer ( Iliad 2. 537 ), who listed Eretria as one of the Greek cities which sent ships to the Trojan War.

The four surviving Swedish ships quickly headed towards the open sea and managed to escape pursuit.

For a long time cruise ships were smaller than the old ocean liners had been, but in the 1980s this changed when Knut Kloster, the director of Norwegian Caribbean Lines, bought one of the biggest surviving liners, the SS France, and transformed her into a huge cruise ship, which he renamed the SS Norway.

This total was revised in 1980 from a review of Japanese war records corroborated by the Tang ′ s surviving logs and crewmembers to 31 ships totalling over sunk.

" From the time of the 1934 merger, the house flags of both lines had been flown on all its ships, with each ship flying the flag of its original owner above the other, but from 1950, even Georgic and Britannic, the last surviving White Star liners, flew the Cunard house flag above the White Star burgee.

Once an additional 20 of the Carthaginian ships had been hooked and lost to the Romans, Hannibal retreated with his surviving ships, leaving Duilius with a clear victory.

The last surviving title from the notorious and critically acclaimed EC Comics line, the magazine offers satire on all aspects of life and popular culture, politics, entertainment, and public figures.

The actual rate of this growth ( i. e. the slope of the line in the figure ) depends upon the growth conditions, which affect the frequency of cell division events and the probability of both daughter cells surviving.

Her surviving son, Edward the Confessor, had assumed the throne on Harthacnut's death, restoring the Saxon royal line of the House of Wessex.

Charles II had no surviving legitimate children, and so the Duke of York was next in the line of succession, followed by his two surviving daughters from his first marriage, Mary and Anne.

Even as the D & RGW exploited the best new standard-gauge technology to compete with other transcontinental carriers, the railroad continued to operate the surviving steam-powered narrow gauge lines, including the famed narrow gauge line between Durango and Silverton, Colorado.

While the surviving equipment is sufficient for such a limited service, the purchase or building of more is necessary to provide a serious form of transportation over the length of the line.

The two surviving branches, with Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria on the German side, concluded an agreement in 1154 which allocated the family's Italian possessions to the younger line, the Fulc-Este, who in the course of time acquired Ferrara, Modena and Reggio.

The post passed solely by the male line from the time of Meneldil, to the eldest surviving son of the late king if there was any, and the heir usually " took part in the councils of the realm and the command of the armies ".

However, it so happened that Philip I, the last surviving brother of Thomas, made Thomas ' younger son Amadeus his heir in Savoy, leaving the elder son, Thomas, and the genealogically senior line descending from him out of the Savoy succession.

After the war, according to the preliminary agreements of the conferences of Yalta and Potsdam, the German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line — most of Pomerania, Silesia and East Prussia — were transferred to Poland and the surviving Germans expelled.

" The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime ," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy.

The House of York was descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III, but also represented Edward's senior line, being cognatic descendants of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son.

HMS Victory | HMS Victory in 1884, the only surviving example of a ship of the line

Today only Eads along the old railroad line remains as a town of much significance, Eads is the Kiowa county seat and serves the surviving farming and ranching interests, and hosts the county's largest high school.

As it was assumed that the former would renounce his claim to the Dutch throne, and that the latter was too elderly and sickly to become Queen, Marie Alexandrine's eldest son Prince Heinrich XXXII Reuss of Köstritz stood in line to succeed Wilhelmina, assuming she had no surviving children.

Finally, the Public Ledger merged with The Philadelphia Inquirer in the 1930s and between 1962 and 1975, a line on The Inquirers front page claimed that the newspaper is the United States ' oldest surviving daily newspaper.

The line was ultimately never built farther west of New England, North Dakota, making Amidon one of the few surviving North Dakota cities to have never been served by a rail line.

His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters and provided the basis of a future dispute regarding the line of succession.