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The temperature of the system in NVE is naturally raised when macromolecules such as proteins undergo exothermic conformational changes and binding.
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temperature and system
In the new process impurities present in the solvent ( benzene ), the monomer, and in the reaction system which would cause deactivation of propagation centers, are rendered inactive prior to polymerization by gradual addition of initiator, a mixture of butyl-lithium and telomeric styryl-lithium, at a temperature low enough to suppress chain growth.
Upon completion of the purging step, additional initiator appropriate for the molecular weight of the sample desired is added, and the system is then warmed to the polymerization temperature, at which the reaction is allowed to go to completion.
An even stronger assertion is that It is impossible by any procedure to reduce the temperature of a system to zero in a finite number of operations.
All of these define the relative numbers of particles in a system as decreasing exponential functions of energy ( at the particle level ) over kT, with k representing the Boltzmann constant and T representing the temperature observed at the macroscopic level.
A system with a truly negative temperature is not colder than absolute zero.
Rather, a system with a negative temperature is hotter than any system with a positive temperature in the sense that if a negative-temperature system and a positive-temperature system come in contact, heat will flow from the negative-to the positive-temperature system.
At the opposite extreme, a transformation of a thermodynamic system can be considered isothermal if it is slow enough so that the system's temperature remains constant by heat exchange with the outside.
Among its adaptations for cold survival are its deep, thick fur, a system of countercurrent heat exchange in the circulation of paws to retain core temperature, and a good supply of body fat.
Even in the species that are able to regulate their own temperature, it is not always a completely accurate system.
Current practical, comfortable domestic water-heating systems combine a solar preheating system with a thermostatic gas-powered flow-through heater, so that the temperature of the water is consistent, and the amount is unlimited.
Alternatively, for a single system at a well-defined temperature, it gives the probability that the system is in the specified state.
If the pressure in a system remains constant ( isobaric ), a vapor at saturation temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase as thermal energy ( heat ) is removed.
The system, also based on precipitation and temperature, finds 9 major biomes, with the important climate traits and vegetation types summarized in the accompanying table.
Phase transition refers to the change of phase of a system, which are brought about by change in an external parameter such as temperature.
In particular, quantum phase transitions refer to transitions where the temperature is set to zero, and the phases of the system refer to distinct ground states of the Hamiltonian.
temperature and is
the temperature of our homes is independent of the seasons ; ;
The Bureau is pursuing an active program to provide a temperature scale and thermometer calibration services in the range 1.5 to 20 Af.
Another effect discovered is the large coefficient of thermal diffusion tending to separate nitrogen from the oxygen when temperature differences straddling the nitrogen dissociation region are present.
A study of the hydrogen line profiles indicates that a measurement of these profiles can be used to calculate a temperature for the arc plasma that is reliable to about Af percent.
The fruit is then cooled to 42-degrees-F., a temperature at which it lapses into a sort of dormant state.
This cooling does not change the avocado in any way, it just delays the natural softening of the fruit until a grovelike temperature ( room temperature ) is restored.
If the temperature is controlled properly, the avocado will delay its ripening until needed.
We know now that a 15-degree differential in temperature is the maximum usually desirable, and accurate controls assure the comfort we want.
Control of temperature and humidity is a godsend to the aged and the invalid.
Before it cycles on again, humidity can build up and make you uncomfortable even though the temperature is still low.
Check the temperature gage and be sure it is working.
The thermostat is important to get your engine up to operating temperature quickly, and to keep it running at its most efficient temperature through the proper circulation of the coolant.
This result suggests a very high temperature at the solid surface of the planet, although there is the possibility that the observed radiation may be a combination of both thermal and non-thermal components and that the observed spectrum is that of a black body merely by coincidence.
Mars has been observed twice at about 3-cm wave length, and the intensity of the observed radiation is in reasonable agreement with the thermal radiation which might be predicted on the basis of the known temperature of Mars.
The infrared emission could then be assumed to originate at the surface of the moon, while the radio emission originates at some depth beneath the surface, where the temperature variation due to solar radiation is reduced in amplitude and shifted in phase.
The concept of apparent black-body temperature is used to describe the radiation received from the moon and the planets.
The apparent black-body disk temperature is the temperature which must be assumed for the black body in order that the intensity of its radiation should equal that of the observed radiation.
The ratio of the measured antenna temperature change during a drift scan across the moon to the average brightness temperature of the moon over the antenna beam ( assuming that the brightness temperature of the sky is negligible ) was found, by graphical integration of the antenna directivity diagram, to be 0.85.
The measured brightness temperature is a good approximation to the brightness temperature at the center of the lunar disk because of the narrow antenna beam and because the temperature distribution over the central portion of the moon's disk is nearly uniform.
temperature and naturally
However, skating is possible at temperatures much lower than − 20 ° C, at which temperature there is no naturally occurring film of liquid.
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure.
Thus, changes in the average coolant temperature, notably from the steam demand of engine throttles, naturally maintains reactor power without intervention from a reactor operator.
On the other hand, ground-source heat pumps ( GSHP ) benefit from the moderated temperature underground, as the ground acts naturally as a store of thermal energy.
Because of a lack of major rivers flowing into the lake to naturally replenish it, concern exists that any rise in temperature and evaporation through climate change could cause an extremely rapid collapse in the lake's level.
Antarctica has the lowest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded on the ground on Earth: − 89. 2 ° C (− 128. 6 ° F ) at Vostok Station.
Lovelock's model countered such criticism by showing how regulation arises naturally from the assumption of growth within a temperature range.
In combination with shafts, adits form an important element in the ventilation of a mine: in simple terms, cool air will enter through an adit, be warmed by the higher temperature underground and will naturally exhaust from vertical shafts, some of which are sunk specifically for this purpose and are known as " ventilation shafts ".
In passive thermography, the features of interest are naturally at a higher or lower temperature than the background.
Sutherland Simpson and J. J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds-whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference-experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity ( night ) and lowest during the period of rest ( day ).
This is believed to be the highest temperature ever to be recorded naturally on Earth.
Things like golf scores, the earth's temperature, and chronic back pain fluctuate naturally and usually regress towards the mean.
Compression of a gas naturally increases its temperature, often referred to as the heat of compression.
An aversion to loud music and naturally loud environments ( such as clubs and bars ) is typical behavior of a dyspraxic individual who suffers from auditory oversensitivity, while only being comfortable in unusually warm or cold environments is typical of a dyspraxic with temperature oversensitivity.
Consider, for example, the behavior of water ( the molecule H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ) which, depending on temperature and pressure, naturally exists in just one of three states: gas, liquid or ice.
( Japan ) and CSTB ( France ) preheat the oven with the safe inside until the temperature reaches the desired setting ( as opposed to a sustained temperature of the rating ), then the safe is cooled artificially ( as opposed to naturally ).
The MLS detected naturally occurring microwave thermal emissions from Earth ’ s limb to create vertical profiles of atmospheric gases, temperature, pressure and cloud ice.
Designed and marketed by Earthship Biotecture of Taos, New Mexico, the homes are primarily constructed to work as autonomous buildings and are generally made of earth-filled tires, using thermal mass construction to naturally regulate indoor temperature.
The thick, dense inner walls provide thermal mass that naturally regulates the interior temperature during both cold and hot outside temperatures.
Blue cheese is believed to have been discovered by accident, when cheeses were stored in naturally temperature and moisture controlled caves, which happened to be favorable environments for many varieties of harmless mold.
One common way in which lechatelierite forms naturally is by very high temperature melting of quartz sand during a lightning strike.
This is the lowest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded on Earth.
In biological systems, many naturally occurring betaines serve as organic osmolytes, substances synthesised or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity or high temperature.
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