where is a vector of real-valued weights, is the dot product ( which here computes a weighted sum ), and is the ' bias ', a constant term that does not depend on any input value.

* the term " relative atomic mass " should be reserved for the mass of a specific nuclide ( or isotope ), while " atomic weight " be used for the weighted mean of the atomic masses over all the atoms in the sample ;

It follows from the above formulas for the errors of the midpoint and trapezoidal rule that the leading error term vanishes if we take the weighted average

Using another approximation ( for example, the trapezoidal rule with twice as many points ), it is possible to take a suitable weighted average and eliminate another error term.

The origin of the term comes from nautical vocabulary, where to sound is to throw a weighted line from a ship into the water to gauge the water's depth.

The term is also interchangeable with the geographically weighted PCAs in geophysics.

Rather, the term weighted average means that while analyzing a given boundary value problem, one should bear in mind all available information for its well-posedness and subsequent successful solution.

In a weighted graph, the same term is defined by the sum of the weights of the edges crossing the cut.

Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) in women as a bone mineral density 2. 5 standard deviations below peak bone mass ( 20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average ) as measured by DEXA ; the term " established osteoporosis " includes the presence of a fragility fracture.

However, the distinction between BIOS and EFI is rarely made in terminology by the average computer user, making BIOS a catch-all term for both systems.

A typical class is worth 9 academic units and given the extensive core curriculum requirements in addition to individual options ' degree requirements, students need to take an average of 40. 5 units per term ( more than four classes ) in order to graduate in four years.

However, the term is applied to multidimensional data as well as to univariate data and in situations where a transformation of the data values for some or all dimensions would usually be considered necessary: in the latter cases, the notion of a " central location " is retained in converting an " average " computed for the transformed data back to the original units.

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

Viewership peaked on Christmas Day 1987 when an average of 28. 5 million viewers tuned in to see Hilda Ogden leave the street to start a new life as a housekeeper for long term friend Dr Lowther ( although there is some confusion as to whether or not this was actually the highest rating episode due to a special omnibus repeat of that week's episodes being combined with the original airing ).

During El Niño years, Guam's chance of a tropical cyclone impact is one-third of the long term average.

When all 133 studies deemed suitable in light of this consideration were re-analyzed, providing data for over 6, 000 patients, the findings suggest an average improvement in 27 % of untreated patients over the term of the studies compared with a 74 % success rate among those receiving hypnotherapy.

For instance, J. Scott Armstrong challenged Al Gore to a climate-related bet in 2007 that focused on year-to-year variation in temperatures but not on betting over longer term changes in global average temperatures.

The average molecular mass ( sometimes abbreviated as average mass ) is another variation on the use of the term molecular mass.

It should be noted, however, that the molar mass is almost always a computed figure derived from the standard atomic weights, whereas the average molecular mass, in fields that need the term, is often a measured figure specific to a sample.

Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) as a bone mineral density that is 2. 5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass ( average of young, healthy adults ) as measured by DXA ; the term " established osteoporosis " includes the presence of a fragility fracture.

# In the long term, the average investor will have an average before-costs performance equal to the market average.

In optics, or radiometry, the term power sometimes refers to radiant flux, the average rate of energy transport by electromagnetic radiation, measured in watts.

Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time.

After the 15th week, the deceleration slows to an average rate of about 145 (+/- 25 BPM ) BPM, at term.

These coalitions can collapse over political disagreements, causing the average term in office of a Polish Prime Minister to be rather short ( typically around 18 months ).

The final implementation replaced the integrator with a Predictor implemented with a two pole complex pair low pass filter designed to approximate the long term average speech spectrum.

In that case, the term standard error is properly applied: the precision of the average is equal to the known standard deviation of the process divided by the square root of the number of measurements averaged.

By monitoring vegetation changes over time, droughts can be monitored by comparing the current vegetation state to its long term average.

That same year, national insurance benefits were increased by 13 %, which brought pensions as a proportion of average earnings “ up to a value equivalent to the previous high, which was reached in 1965 as a result of Labour legislation .” In order to maintain the real value of these benefits in the long term, the government introduced legislation which linked future increases in pensions to higher incomes or wages.

Thus the term asteroid has come increasingly to refer specifically to the small bodies of the inner Solar System out to the orbit of Jupiter, which are usually rocky or metallic.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i. e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals ( e. g., 1s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2p < sup > 6 </ sup > for the ground state of neon -- term symbol: < sup > 1 </ sup > S < sub > 0 </ sub >).

Cryptic crossword puzzles frequently use anagrammatic clues, usually indicating that they are anagrams by the inclusion of a descriptive term like " confused " or " in disarray ".

The term is not usually used for black residents of other countries in the Americas.

Nowadays, " Afghan " is usually not used as an ethnic term, but as a national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan, while " Pashtun "-the native ethnonym of this people-is largely used in a linguistic sense to refer to native speakers of Pashto.

The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music ( in music theory and religious contexts ), or more generally, a song ( or composition ) of celebration, usually acting as a symbol for a distinct group of people, as in the term " national anthem " or " sports anthem ".

Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's health, personal relationships, and social standing.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

More generally, one curve is a curvilinear asymptote of another ( as opposed to a linear asymptote ) if the distance between the two curves tends to zero as they tend to infinity, although usually the term asymptote by itself is reserved for linear asymptotes.

The term " aspiration " is sometimes also used for the replacement of a ( usually fricative ) consonant with an sound, but that process is more accurately termed debuccalization.

* whiff rate: a term, usually used in reference to pitchers, that divides the number of pitches swung at and missed by the total number of swings in a given sample.

The intent is usually clear from the context, although the term " official at bat " is sometimes used to explicitly refer to an at bat as distinguished from a plate appearance.

In byte-oriented systems ( i. e. most modern computers ), the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit ( often including a sign ), whereas packed BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

The term BIOS ( Basic Input / Output System ) was invented by Gary Kildall and first appeared in the CP / M operating system in 1975, describing the machine-specific part of CP / M loaded during boot time that interfaces directly with the hardware ( a CP / M machine usually has only a simple boot loader in its ROM ).

Bean is sometimes used as a synonym of pulse, an edible legume, though the term pulses is usually reserved for leguminous crops harvested for their dry grain.

The term bean usually excludes crops used mainly for oil extraction ( such as soybeans and peanuts ), as well as those used exclusively for sowing purposes ( such as clover and alfalfa ).

The term " baryon " usually refers to triquarks – baryons made of three quarks ( B = + + = 1 ).

According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the power ( x + y )< sup > n </ sup > into a sum involving terms of the form ax < sup > b </ sup > y < sup > c </ sup >, where the exponents b and c are nonnegative integers with, and the coefficient a of each term is a specific positive integer depending on n and b. When an exponent is zero, the corresponding power is usually omitted from the term.

The term coming-of-age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical.

The term usually refers to relatively simple programs such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers, and text editors,

The term community has two distinct commutive meanings: 1 ) Community usually refers to a social unit larger than a small village that shares common values.