The spikes were most likely used for defense, while the plates have also been proposed as a defensive mechanism, as well as having display and thermoregulatory functions.

In 1940, Alfred Romer and Llewellyn Ivor Price proposed that the sail served a thermoregulatory function, allowing individuals to warm their bodies with the sun's heat.

Enhancing brain insulin signaling by means of intranasal insulin administration also enhances the acute thermoregulatory and glucoregulatory response to food intake, suggesting that central nervous insulin contributes to the control of whole-body energy homeostasis in humans.

While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book continues to be cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

They are produced by phagocytic cells and cause the increase in the thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus.

Some also show greater dark colours in the wet-season form which may have thermoregulatory advantages by increasing ability to absorb solar radiation.

In life, this would have been covered by skin, and possibly functioned as a thermoregulatory device and / or for mating display.

The frequency of the alternating current is sufficiently high not to give rise to electrolytic effects in the body and the Ohmic power dissipated is sufficiently small and diffused over the body to be easily handled by the body's thermoregulatory system.

other mechanism of action for artemether including their ability to reduce fever by production of signals to hypothalamus thermoregulatory center.

Fever differs from uncontrolled hyperthermia, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the body's thermoregulatory set-point, due to excessive heat production and / or insufficient thermoregulation.

Normal body temperature ( thermoregulatory set point ) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red.

As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set point. Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue.

As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set point. Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green.

It reads " New Normal " because the thermoregulatory set point has risen.

Conversely, warming of an affected extremity may indicate a disruption of the body's normal thermoregulatory vasoconstrictor function, which may sometimes indicate underlying CRPS.

Normal body temperature ( thermoregulatory set-point ) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red.

As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set-point. Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue.

As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set-point. Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green.

It reads " New Normal " because the thermoregulatory set-point has risen.

The former correlation would be consistent with Bergmann's rule, and might be related to the thermoregulatory advantage of large body mass in cool climates, better ability of larger organisms to cope with seasonality in food supply, or other factors ; the latter correlation could be explainable in terms of range and resource limitations.

Also, the greater heat capacity of water than air may increase the thermoregulatory advantage of large body size in marine endotherms.

Affected vultures were initially reported to adopt a drooped neck posture and this was considered a symptom of pesticide poisoning, but subsequent studies suggested that this may be a thermoregulatory response as the posture was seen mainly during hot weather.

Recent structural comparisons of Stegosaurus plates to Alligator osteoderms seems to support the conclusion that the potential for a thermoregulatory role in the plates of Stegosaurus definitely exists.

The large surface area and vascularization of the crest also suggests a thermoregulatory function.

Most of these studies give two thermoregulatory roles for the sail of Dimetrodon: one as a means of warming quickly in the morning, and another as a way to cool down when body temperature becomes high.

Additionally, the differences of the SCN between endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates suggest that the neuronal organization of the temperature-resistant SCN in endotherms is responsible for driving thermoregulatory behaviors in those animals differently from those of ectotherms, since they rely on external temperature for engaging in certain behaviors.

By entering extended torpor, sometimes referred to as hibernation, this would reduce the thermoregulatory stress in females, whereas males remain more active in preparation for the upcoming mating season.

A study that took place over three breeding seasons showed that closely related females form breeding groups mainly when there is a shortage of suitable roosts ; when there is an advantage of a communal nest for defense, or when there are thermoregulatory benefits.

The gymnure's body plan is believed to resemble that of the earliest mammals, with a large toothy head about 1 / 3 the length of the total body, a naked furless tail for balance and thermoregulatory purposes, and a plantigrade stance.

Equines are one of only two mammals ( the other is the human ) capable of producing copious sweat perspiration for thermoregulatory cooling, enabling fast running over long distances.

Georges Lemaître first proposed what would become the Big Bang theory in what he called his " hypothesis of the primeval atom.

Establishing the truth or falsehood of the continuum hypothesis is the first of Hilbert's 23 problems presented in the year 1900.

The hypothesis that the continents had once formed a single landmass before breaking apart and drifting to their present locations was first presented by Alfred Wegener to the German Geological Society on 6 January 1912.

Wegener was the first to use the phrase " continental drift " ( 1912, 1915 ) ( in German " die Verschiebung der Kontinente " – translated into English in 1922 ) and formally publish the hypothesis that the continents had somehow " drifted " apart.

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

Georges Dumézil in his controversial trifunctional hypothesis proposed that ancient societies had three main classes each with distinct functions: the first judicial and priestly ; the second connected with the military and war, while the third class focussed on production, agriculture, craft and commerce.

The hypothesis was first formulated by Roger Penrose in 1969, and it is not stated in a completely formal way.

The original versions of his papers contained " many technical errors of varying degree "; when the collection was first published, the errors were corrected and it was found that this could be done without major changes in the statements of the theorems, with one exception — a claimed proof of the Continuum hypothesis.

As a mundane example, he described how to test the hypothesis that a certain lady could distinguish by flavour alone whether the milk or the tea was first placed in the cup.

Linnaeus was the first to frame the balance of nature as a testable hypothesis.

The concept first popularized by Karl Popper, who, in his philosophical criticism of the popular positivist view of the scientific method, concluded that a hypothesis, proposition, or theory talks about the observable only if it is falsifiable.

The Continuum hypothesis, introduced by Cantor, was presented by David Hilbert as the first of his twenty-three open problems in his famous address at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris.

While there were a number of precursors to Gaia theory, the first scientific form of this idea was proposed as the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock, a UK chemist, in 1970.

The first scientifically rigorous theory was the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock, a UK chemist.

The hypothesis reappeared in 1786 when Sir William Jones first lectured on the striking similarities between three of the oldest languages known in his time: Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, to which he tentatively added Gothic, Celtic, and Persian, though his classification contained some inaccuracies and omissions.

According to the documentary hypothesis, the first five books of the Bible ( Pentateuch / Torah ), including Genesis, were collated during the 5th century BC from four main sources, which themselves date from no earlier than the 10th century BC.

Working independently at first, Vladislav Illich-Svitych and Aharon Dolgopolsky elaborated the first version of the contemporary form of the hypothesis during the 1960s.

The first hypothesis that tried to explain how prions replicate in a protein-only manner was the heterodimer model.

Although these semiclassical models contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, many further experiments starting with Compton scattering of single photons by electrons, first observed in 1923, validated Einstein's hypothesis that light itself is quantized.

One version of the hypothesis is that a different type of nucleic acid, termed pre-RNA, was the first one to emerge as a self-reproducing molecule, to be replaced by RNA only later.

The Sapir – Whorf hypothesis influenced the development and standardization of Interlingua during the first half of the 20th Century, but this was largely due to Sapir's direct involvement.

Within sociobiology, a social behavior is first explained as a sociobiological hypothesis by finding an evolutionarily stable strategy that matches the observed behavior.

In response, SETI advocates note, among other things, that the Drake Equation was never a hypothesis, and so never intended to be testable, nor to be " solved "; it was merely a clever representation of the agenda for the world's first scientific SETI meeting in 1961, and it serves as a tool in formulating testable hypotheses.