It has been estimated that some 10 – 20 % of drylands are already degraded, the total area affected by desertification being between 6 and 12 million square kilometres, that about 1 – 6 % of the inhabitants of drylands live in desertified areas, and that a billion people are under threat from further desertification.

At this phase, Lenin and the Bolsheviks, under threat in Petrograd, urged the Social Democrats to seize power in Finland, which was an important defensive area against the German threat and a vital backup zone for the Bolsheviks in and around Petrograd.

Already situated just inside a state bitterly divided on the issue of slavery, southern sympathizers in the area immediately recognized the threat posed by neighboring Kansas petitioning to enter the Union under the new doctrine of popular sovereignty.

The British defence guarantee ended following Britain's decision in 1967 to withdraw its forces east of Suez, and was replaced in 1971 with the Five Power Defence Arrangements ( FPDA ) by which Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore agreed to co-operate in the area of defence, and to " consult " in the event of external aggression or the threat of attack on Malaysia or Singapore.

To deal with the threat of Roman expansion into the Rhine-Danube basin he led the Marcomanni to the area later known as Bohemia to be outside the range of the Roman influence.

France, which claimed this area as part of their colony of New France, viewed this as a threat, and the ensuing French and Indian War became part of the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 1763 ).

The unification of the five tribes represents a direct threat to Rome in the area that will become Silesia and Saxony.

The area was subjected to numerous threats ; one bomb threat in 1921 led to detectives sealing off the area to " prevent a repetition of the Wall Street bomb explosion.

These periodic visual inspections ( PVIs ) occur at a frequency dependent upon the level of threat to the environment, the security classification of the data, and the access control to the area.

The provision is that if there is an adequate withdrawal, all states in the area must be free to live within secure and recognized boundaries, free from force and threat of force.

Public opinion was inflamed about the Oregon boundary dispute, claimed by both Britain and the U. S .. Calhoun compromised by splitting the area down the middle at the 49th parallel, ending the war threat.

Although Native American attacks were still a threat in the area, pioneers were already settling near the fort.

A rebel group operating in western Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the Rwenzori Mountains, the Allied Democratic Forces, emerged as a localized threat in 1996 and inflicted substantial suffering on the population in the area.

According to Wei Yuan's work Military history of the Qing Dynasty (), the Later Jin sent 400 troops to Sakhalin in 1616, after a newfound interest because of northern Japanese contacts with the area, but later withdrew as it was considered there was no threat from the island.

The main threat was perceived by the Germans to be the British beachheads to the east of Omaha, and these received the most attention from the German mobile reserves in the immediate area of Normandy.

The act stipulates that the United States will " consider any effort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful means, including by boycotts or embargoes, a threat to the peace and security of the Western Pacific area and of grave concern to the United States ".

William of Orange was considered a threat to Spanish rule in the area and was assassinated in 1584 by a hired killer sent by Philip.

Heavy mosquito infestation and the threat of Indian attacks kept the area from having any permanent European settlements.

Gradually, as the threat of Seminole Indian attacks was becoming increasingly unlikely, people began to move into the area around the Indian River.

Cornelius organized the citizens that could carry weapons into the Woodchuck Militia, a force that would guard the territory from any threat, including any conflicts with the Native Americans of the area.

The PFLP is powerful politically in the Ramallah area, the eastern districts and suburbs of Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the primarily Christian Refidyeh district of Nablus, but has far less strength in the rest of the West Bank, and is of little or no threat to the established Hamas and Fatah movements in Gaza.

There was no white settlement in the area that became Wayne County until after 1794 due to the constant threat of Indian attack, who were already present.

By 1876, all threat of Comanche attack was eliminated, and the area of Winkler County was opened for white settlement.

At this time of crisis in our Nation's commuter railroads, a new threat to the continued operations of the New York Central has appeared in the form of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad's proposal for control of the Baltimore & Ohio railroads.

at least until repeated intercourse has dilated it and pain is no longer a possible threat against the full pleasure of love-making.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.

This is a serious problem if one has either a single trade or many related trades with a single counterparty, whose failure thus poses a threat, or in the event of a financial crisis when many counterparties fail.

A nation or group that can pose a credible threat of mass casualty has the ability to alter the terms on which other nations or groups interact with it.

The growing threat of biowarfare agents and bioterrorism has led to the development of specific field tools that perform on-the-spot analysis and identification of encountered suspect materials.

The disease has a history of use in biological warfare dating back many centuries, and is considered a threat due to its ease of culture and ability to remain in circulation among local rodents for a long period of time.

Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered ; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes.

In science fiction, the impact of comets has been depicted as a threat overcome by technology and heroism ( Deep Impact, 1998 ), or as a trigger of global apocalypse ( Lucifer's Hammer, 1979 ) or of waves of zombies ( Night of the Comet, 1984 ).

The scope of coercion has to do with who uses a conditional threat against whom.

Since then, the cane toad has become a pest in many host countries, and poses a serious threat to native animals.

Historically, evangelism has on rare occasions led to forced conversion under threat of death or mass expulsion.

Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa.

The Empire has begun to recognise the threat the Exiles pose and begin sending their army down into Exile in huge numbers.

In the first two series Mike's position is constantly under threat from senior reporter Brooke Vandenberg, who has a better press profile, but by the last series he has been cemented as one of the network's most valuable stars and considerably more effort is made to pander to his whims.

Interest in fallout shelters has largely dropped, as the perceived threat of global nuclear war reduced after the end of the Cold War.

The same applies for hunting licenses, while to obtain a concealed carry license, a person has to prove that there exists a real " threat to life ".

An open row of three ( one that is not blocked by an opponent's stone at either end ) has to be blocked immediately, or countered with a threat elsewhere on the board.

This has been a threat to international shipping since the second phase of the Somali Civil War in the early 21st century.

The perceived threat to Iraq in the summer of 1982 thus was serious enough to force Saddam Hussein to request the Nonaligned Movement to change the venue of its scheduled September meeting from Baghdad to India ; nevertheless, since the fall of 1982, the ground conflict has generally been a stalemated war of attrition — although Iran made small but demoralizing territorial advances as a result of its massive offensives in the reed marshes north of Basra in 1984 and in 1985, in Al Faw Peninsula in early 1986, and in the outskirts of Basra during January and February 1987.

A threat is anything ( manmade or act of nature ) that has the potential to cause harm.

When a threat does use a vulnerability to inflict harm, it has an impact.

" That leads to some difficult decisions, but they are unavoidable if we are to deal with the threat … None of the Führers prophetic words has come so inevitably true as his prediction that if Jewry succeeded in provoking a second world war, the result would be not the destruction of the Aryan race, but rather the wiping out of the Jewish race.