The method initiates by converting mercury into Hg < sup > 2 +</ sup > by oxidation from nitric and sulfuric acids, followed by a reduction of Hg < sup > 2 +</ sup > with tin ( II ) chloride.

Sn60Pb40 solder oxidizes on the surface, forming a complex 4-layer structure: tin ( IV ) oxide on the surface, below it a layer of tin ( II ) oxide with finely dispersed lead, followed by a layer of tin ( II ) oxide with finely dispersed tin and lead, and the solder alloy itself underneath.

King Frederick II himself barely escaped capture, and was wounded by gunfire himself, according to legend saved by the tobacco tin in his pocket.

In the years following World War II, many Okinawans made sanshin from empty tin cans, known as " kankara sanshin ".

Over the years between World War I and World War II, Thailand's major exports, rice, tin, rubber, and timber were under Chinese control.

In tin chloride, each Sn ( II ) center is pyramidal ( mean O / Cl-Sn-O / Cl angle is 83 °) being bound to two chloride ions and one water.

Originally packaged in a tin can with a turn key and re-closable lid, packaging was changed to glass jars because of metal shortages during World War II, again to plastic jars in 1988, and was the first brand of peanut butter to start selling in plastic jars.

Ring-opening polymerization of glycolide can be catalyzed using different catalysts, including antimony compounds, such as antimony trioxide or antimony trihalides, zinc compounds ( zinc lactate ) and tin compounds like stannous octoate ( tin ( II ) 2-ethylhexanoate ) or tin alkoxides.

During World War II, coal miners, Cornish tin miners and a contingent of the Royal Canadian Engineers were drafted in to work the mines.

The etched surface is sensitised and activated by first dipping in tin ( II ) chloride solution, then palladium chloride solution.

A post World War II tin car.

Common catalysts used in the preparation of this polymer include tin ( II ) 2-ethylhexanoate, tin ( II ) alkoxides, or aluminum isopropoxide.

Triphenylmethyl chloride similarly formed orange complexes with aluminium and tin chlorides.

Mordants include tannic acid, alum, urine, chrome alum, sodium chloride, and certain salts of aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, iodine, potassium, sodium, and tin.

Common fluxes are: ammonium chloride or rosin for soldering tin ; hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride for soldering galvanized iron ( and other zinc surfaces ); and borax for brazing or braze-welding ferrous metals.

TGA is also used in the making of tin stabilizers often used in certain polyvinyl chloride products ( such as vinyl siding ).

The Belgians were interested primarily in the economic development of the Congo, which is rich in copper, tin, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and uranium, and cotton and palm oil.

As expected by periodic trends, it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth, and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic.

Eventually, humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore, and, around 2500 BC, began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which is much harder than its ingredients.

While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze.

* 1952 – Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines

If, conversely, tin is used to coat steel, when a breach of the coating occurs it actually accelerates oxidation of the iron.

Mixing artist or student quality acrylic paint with household acrylic emulsions is possible, allowing the use of pre-mixed tints straight from the tube or tin, so presenting the painter with a vast color range at his or her disposal.

For the case of an object that is small compared with the radial distance to its axis of rotation, such as a tin can swinging from a long string or a planet orbiting in a circle around the Sun, the angular momentum can be expressed as its linear momentum,, crossed by its position from the origin, r. Thus, the angular momentum L of a particle with respect to some point of origin is

The poem was inspired by the apocryphal story that a young Jesus, accompanied by his uncle Joseph of Arimathea, a tin merchant, travelled to the area that is now England and visited Glastonbury during Jesus ' lost years.

Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens.

By comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.

* Naval brass, similar to admiralty brass, is 40 % zinc and 1 % tin.

Many have similar tin contents to contemporary bronze artefacts and it is possible that some copper-zinc alloys were accidental and perhaps not even distinguished from copper.

Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive.

Also, unlike arsenic, tin is not toxic.

The population migrations around 1200 – 1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean ( and from Great Britain ), limiting supplies and raising prices. Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Spring and Autumn Period ( 476BC-221BC ) As ironworking improved, iron became cheaper ; and as cultures advanced from wrought iron to forged iron, they learned how to make steel, which is stronger than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.

There are many different bronze alloys but modern bronze is typically 88 % copper and 12 % tin.

Historical " bronzes " are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand ; the metal of the 12th century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22. 5 % in the base and 5. 76 % in the pan below the candle.

Bronze is the preferred metal for top-quality bells, particularly bell metal, which is about 23 % tin.

Modern cymbals consist of several types of bronze, the most common being B20 bronze, which is roughly 20 % tin, 80 % copper, with traces of silver.

A Swiss company, Paiste, uses a tougher B8 bronze which is made from 8 % tin and 92 % copper in the majority of their cymbals.

: which is of the form suggested the previous year by M. J. Buckingham in Very High Frequency Absorption in Superconductors based on the fact that the superconducting phase transition is second order, that the superconducting phase has a mass gap and on Blevins, Gordy and Fairbank's experimental results the previous year on the absorption of millimeter waves by superconducting tin.

The amalgam was applied as a paste and then heated until the mercury vaporized, leaving the gold, silver, or tin behind.

This process, known as smelting, was first applied to metals with lower melting points, such as tin, which melts at approximately and copper, which melts at approximately.

Other coatings, such as conductive indium tin oxide ( ITO ), can be applied to boPET film by sputter deposition.

Notably, Andreas Libavius, in his Alchemia of 1597 mentions a surface-whitened copper aes album by mercury or silver ; but in De Natura Metallorum in Singalarum Part 1, of 1599, the same term was applied to " tin " from the East Indies ( modern-day Indonesia and the Philippines ) and given the Spanish name: tintinaso.

In aircraft windshields, an electric current is applied through a conducting layer of tin ( IV ) oxide to generate heat to prevent icing.

Although many American civilizations had developed methods for working soft metals, including gold, silver, bronze, tin and copper, this knowledge was applied mainly to the development of religious and artistic objects, as well as household utensils.

Extra substances such as beeswax, gold, silver, tin, or meteoric iron are sometimes added to the rosin to modify its stiction / friction properties, and ( disputably ) the tone it produces .< ref >< nowiki > http :// www. stringsmagazine. com / issues / Strings115 / yourinstrument. html </ nowiki > Powdered rosin is often applied to new hair, for example with a felt pad or cloth, to reduce the time taken in getting sufficient rosin onto the hair.

In addition to supplying the needs of their citizens they used hydraulic mining methods to prospect and extract alluvial gold deposits in a technique known as hushing, and applied the methods to other ores such as those of tin and lead.

After filling and corking, a plastic or tin capsule is applied to the neck of the bottle in a capsular.

For example, under the Tudors, the practice of distinguishing between some laws, such as those related to the tin industry, that applied simply in Anglia or in Anglia et Cornubia ( in England and Cornwall ) ceased.

Stannary authority exceeded English law, and because this authority applied to part time miners ( e. g. tin streamers ) as well as full time miners the stannary parliament had significant power.

The legal claims concerning the Duchy, they argue, are without merit except as relics of mediaeval feudalism, and they contend that Stannary law applied not to Cornwall as a ' nation ', but merely to the guild of tin miners.

The apparently original and complete roof structure is now covered with early 20th century tin, and much of the unusual original beaded siding, applied circa 1810 with cut nails, survives covered by weatherboard.

Post WWII experimental rectangular waxy blocks became available with greater waterproofing abilities but after 1954 Joseph Pickering & Sons Ltd introduced a tinned paste product that didn't need the addition of water and could be applied directly from the tin.