As an example of this process, in 2008 Danish researchers first revealed the sequence of events when oxygen and hydrogen combine on the surface of titanium dioxide ( TiO < sub > 2 </ sub >, or titania ) to produce water.

Specialized supports include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate.

aluminium sulfate, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, carbon black, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphoric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and titanium dioxide.

* In 2000 ICI sold its diisocyanate, advanced materials, and specialty chemicals businesses at Teesside and worldwide ( including plants at Rosenberg, Holland, in South Africa, Malaysia, and Taiwan ), and Tioxide, its titanium dioxide subsidiary, to Huntsman Corporation for £ 1. 7 billion.

It consists chiefly of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, and yttrium oxide.

Many metallic-looking pigments are composed of a substrate of mica coated with another mineral, usually titanium dioxide ( TiO < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Hiding pigments include titanium dioxide, phthalo blue, red iron oxide, and many others.

Paint manufacturers began replacing white lead pigments with the less toxic substitute, titanium white ( titanium dioxide ), before lead was banned in paint for residential use in 1978 by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Its most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments.

Titanium readily reacts with oxygen at in air, and at in pure oxygen, forming titanium dioxide.

The thin titanium dioxide and nitride layers on titanium surfaces are very hard and inert.

Titanite is a source of titanium dioxide, TiO < sub > 2 </ sub >, used in pigments.

Other early structures included copper, calcium fluoride ( CaF < sub > 2 </ sub >, also known as fluorite ), calcite ( CaCO < sub > 3 </ sub >) and pyrite ( FeS < sub > 2 </ sub >) in 1914 ; spinel ( MgAl < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 4 </ sub >) in 1915 ; the rutile and anatase forms of titanium dioxide ( TiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) in 1916 ; pyrochroite Mn ( OH )< sub > 2 </ sub > and, by extension, brucite Mg ( OH )< sub > 2 </ sub > in 1919 ;.

These rules led to the structure of brookite ( 1928 ) and an understanding of the relative stability of the rutile, brookite and anatase forms of titanium dioxide.

Nowadays the substance used is mostly titanium dioxide.

It has also been proposed that diatoms could be used as a component of solar cells, by substituting photosensitive titanium dioxide for the silicon dioxide normally used in the creation of cell walls.

At the same time, Royal Blue, another name once given to tints produced from lapis lazuli, has evolved to signify a much lighter and brighter color, and is usually mixed from Phthalo Blue and titanium dioxide, or from inexpensive synthetic blue dyes.

Other ISO standards pertain to particular classes or categories of pigments, based on their chemical composition, such as ultramarine pigments, titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, and so forth.

( 1991 ) reported that the responses to chronically inhaled copying toner, a plastic dust pigmented with carbon black, titanium dioxide and silica were also similar qualitatively to titanium dioxide and diesel exhaust.

Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life ( exceptions being selenium and iodine ), while a few common ones ( aluminum and titanium ) are not used.

Carbides of silicon, tungsten, boron and titanium, are among the hardest known materials, and are used as abrasives in cutting and grinding tools.

Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life ( exceptions being selenium and iodine ), while a few quite common ones ( aluminium and titanium ) are not used.

However, CVD processes for molybdenum, tantalum, titanium, nickel, and tungsten are widely used.

Some superalloys used for special applications contain hafnium in combination with niobium, titanium, or tungsten.

Commonly used metals include gold, nickel, aluminium, copper, chromium, titanium, tungsten, platinum, and silver.

These superconducting alloys, also containing titanium and tin, are widely used in the superconducting magnets of MRI scanners.

Nippon Kōgaku ( now Nikon Corporation ), for example, used titanium foil shutters for several of their flagship SLR cameras, including the Nikon F, F2, and F3.

This shutter used titanium foil but consisted of one piece of metal with a fixed opening, which allowed electronic flash synchronisation up to and including its maximum speed of 1 / 500 of a second – rivalling the capabilities of leaf-shutter systems

Laminated wood construction yielded more strength in rackets used through most of the 20th century until first metal and then composites of carbon graphite, ceramics, and lighter metals such as titanium were introduced.

Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride ( TiCl < sub > 4 </ sub >), a component of smoke screens and catalysts ; and titanium trichloride ( TiCl < sub > 3 </ sub >), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.

Some authorities think it is less confusing as the word is used to describe any chemical or crystal with oxidized titanium such as the rare earth titanate pyrochlores series and many of the minerals with the perovskite structure.

For example, during the development of the SR-71 Blackbird spy plane, Lockheed engineers at the " Skunk Works " under Clarence " Kelly " Johnson used unobtainium as a dysphemism for titanium.

* Heterogeneous supported catalysts based on titanium compounds are used in polymerization reactions in combination with cocatalysts, organoaluminum compounds such as triethylaluminium, Al ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >.

Natta used first polymerization catalysts based on titanium chlorides to polymerize propylene and other 1-alkenes.

Some fuels that can be used are aluminium, magnesium, titanium, zinc, silicon, boron, and others.

“ Vinland Map ”, Quote: "… date of 1434 A. D. plus or minus 11 years … Recent testing, however, only revealed trace quantities of titanium, whose presence may be a result of contamination, the chemical deterioration of the ink over the centuries, or may even have been present naturally in the ink used in medieval times.

This method can be used with any other metal or metal alloy such as titanium, hastelloy, kovar, and inconel.

The surface of implants that contact the body might be made of a biomedical material such as titanium, silicone or apatite depending on what is the most functional.

The heavy mineral sands ore deposits of the titanium ores ilmenite and rutile yield most of the mined zirconium, and therefore also most the hafnium.

The most common materials are steel and aluminum, but specialized shoes may include use of rubber, plastic, magnesium, titanium, or copper.

The most common materials are steel and aluminum, but specialized shoes may include use of rubber, plastic, magnesium, titanium, or copper.

The most noted chemical property of titanium is its excellent resistance to corrosion ; it is almost as resistant as platinum, capable of withstanding attack by dilute sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid as well as chlorine gas, chloride solutions, and most organic acids.

* Certain crystals, typically doped with rare-earth ions ( e. g. neodymium, ytterbium, or erbium ) or transition metal ions ( titanium or chromium ); most often yttrium aluminium garnet ( YAG ), yttrium orthovanadate ( YVO < sub > 4 </ sub >), or sapphire ( Al < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >);

In this design, most instruments are contained in a spherical pressure vessel with an outer shell of titanium and an inner shell of stainless steel.

One member of the team, Gregory Möller, also analyzed loose particles retrieved from the split down the middle of the map by a different method, finding that most of them were rich in titanium ( though a few black particles were rich in chromium and iron ).

Various alternative and more flexible canvas primers are commercially available, the most popular being a synthetic latex paint composed of titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate, bound with a thermo-plastic emulsion.

The most common catalysts consist of titanium ( III ) chloride, the so-called Ziegler-Natta catalysts.

Among the most important are gold ( the largest reserves in Russia ), silver, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, tin, etc.

Amur Oblast is also a promising source of titanium, with the Bolshoy Seyim deposit being the most important.

The museum is seamlessly integrated into the urban context, unfolding its interconnecting shapes of stone, glass and titanium on a 32, 500-square-meter site along the Nervión River in the old industrial heart of the city ; while modest from street level, it is most impressive when viewed from the river.

The museum is seamlessly integrated into the urban context, unfolding its interconnecting shapes of stone, glass and titanium on a 32, 500-square-meter site along the Nervión River in the old industrial heart of the city ; while modest from street level, it is most impressive when viewed from the river.

The reduction of the corrosive rate will vary individually in various shells, but is most notably pronounced in aluminium, zinc, titanium, and silicon ( a metalloid ).

Alloys that are amenable to precipitation hardening, such as most aluminium alloys and titanium, can be hot forged, followed by hardening.

As nucleation agents most commonly zirconium ( IV )- oxide in combination with titanium ( IV )- oxide is used.

Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30 – 54 % aluminium oxide, ( alumina ), Al < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >, the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide.

Vacuum furnaces is a relatively economical method of oxide prevention and is most often used to braze materials with very stable oxides ( aluminum, titanium and zirconium ) that cannot be brazed in atmosphere furnaces.

Approximately 30 minerals are mined, with the most important being iron, gold, nickel, titanium, niobium, zinc, copper, silver and stone.