Lossy formats are often used for the distribution of streaming audio, or interactive applications ( such as the coding of speech for digital transmission in cell phone networks ).

In the early 1920s George O. Squier was granted patents for a system for the transmission and distribution of signals over electrical lines which was the technical basis for what later became muzak, a technology streaming continuous music to commercial customers without the use of radio.

In contrast, the term downloading is distinguished from the related concept of streaming, which indicates the receiving of data that is used near immediately as it is received, while the transmission is still in progress and which may not be stored long-term, whereas in a process described using the term downloading, this would imply that the data is only usable when it has been received in its entirety.

The Inter-Asterisk Exchange protocol essentially provides control and transmission of streaming media over IP ( Internet Protocol ) networks.

* http :// www. wickedradio. org one of the oldest pirate radio stations located in Edgerton, WI, which ceased FM transmission on May 13, 2009 at midnight, albeit still streaming online.

It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data transmission ; an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable.

However, it would require all data transmission to send eight bits when seven could suffice.

The committee voted to use a seven-bit code to minimize costs associated with data transmission.

The control codes felt essential for data transmission were the start of message ( SOM ), end of address ( EOA ), end of message ( EOM ), end of transmission ( EOT ), " who are you?

Processing methods and application areas include storage, level compression, data compression, transmission, enhancement ( e. g., equalization, filtering, noise cancellation, echo or reverb removal or addition, etc.

When the CCITT ( now ITU-T ) was standardizing ATM, parties from the United States wanted a 64-byte payload because this was felt to be a good compromise in larger payloads optimized for data transmission and shorter payloads optimized for real-time applications like voice ; parties from Europe wanted 32-byte payloads because the small size ( and therefore short transmission times ) simplify voice applications with respect to echo cancellation.

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream .< ref >

ASCII included the distinction of upper and lower case alphabets and a set of control characters to facilitate the transmission of written language as well as printing device functions, such as page advance and line feed, and the physical or logical control of data flow over the transmission media.

This large investment promised to reduce transmission costs for 8-bit data.

In data transmission systems a byte is defined as a contiguous sequence of binary bits in a serial data stream, such as in modem or satellite communications, which is the smallest meaningful unit of data.

Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link Layer standard that is ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols for internetworking, i. e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host-to-host data transfer, and application-specific data transmission formats.

Techniques such as Huffman coding are now used by computer-based algorithms to compress large data files into a more compact form for storage or transmission.

A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character from a given repertoire with something else — such as a bit pattern, sequence of natural numbers, octets, or electrical pulses — in order to facilitate the transmission of data ( generally numbers or text ) through telecommunication networks or for data storage.

Adversative replication can give an advantage in meme transmission when the meme itself encourages aggression against other memes.

Phonetics, on the other hand, concerns itself with the production, transmission, and perception of the physical phenomena which are abstracted in the mind to constitute these speech sounds or signs.

The overheads contain information from the transmission system itself, which is used for a wide range of management functions, such as monitoring transmission quality, detecting failures, managing alarms, data communication channels, service channels, etc.

Characteristic impedance appears like a resistance in this case, such that power generated by a source on one end of an infinitely long lossless transmission line is transmitted through the line but is not dissipated in the line itself.

For example, it is employed in professional wireless microphones since the dynamic range of the microphone audio signal itself is larger than the dynamic range provided by radio transmission.

In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the earth itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor.

NRZ-Level itself is not a synchronous system but rather an encoding that can be used in either a synchronous or asynchronous transmission environment, that is, with or without an explicit clock signal involved.

Cusseta briefly prided itself on having the world's tallest man-made structure, the WTVM / WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower, a guyed transmission tower built in 1962 about one mile from the city.

In a summary position paper, the Practice Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine has said it considers ICSI safe and effective therapy for male factor infertility, but may carry an increased risk for the transmission of selected genetic abnormalities to offspring, either through the procedure itself or through the increased inherent risk of such abnormalities in parents undergoing the procedure.

The prelude or introduction of a transmission ( from which stations ' informal nicknames are often derived ) includes some kind of identifier, either for the station itself and / or for the intended recipient.

After the transmission in January 1985 there were quite a few official complaints about the content of the serial to both the BBC itself and the Radio Times.

Home automation can also provide a remote interface to home appliances or the automation system itself, via telephone line, wireless transmission or the internet, to provide control and monitoring via a smartphone or web browser.

It typically includes one or more of several features, such as the mystic association of animal and plant species, natural phenomena, or created objects with unilineally related groups ( lineages, clans, tribes, moieties, phratries ) or with local groups and families ; the hereditary transmission of the totems ( patrilineal or matrilineal ); group and personal names that are based either directly or indirectly on the totem ; the use of totemistic emblems and symbols ; taboos and prohibitions that may apply to the species itself or can be limited to parts of animals and plants ( partial taboos instead of partial totems ); and a connection with a large number of animals and natural objects ( multiplex totems ) within which a distinction can be made between principal totems and subsidiary ones ( linked totems ).

It has been defined as " that branch of mathematics that concerns itself ultimately with the codification and transmission of insights within the mathematical community through the use of experimental ( in either the Galilean, Baconian, Aristotelian or Kantian sense ) exploration of conjectures and more informal beliefs and a careful analysis of the data acquired in this pursuit.

Much of his work is influenced by science and explores the physical properties of sound itself: resonance of spaces, phase interference between closely tuned pitches, and the transmission of sound through physical media.

Furthermore, establishing simultaneity of events separated in space necessarily requires transmission of information between locations, which by itself is an indication that the speed of light will enter the determination of simultaneity.

In this application the transmission channel is the CD itself.

This however is still largely dependent upon the number and optimal spacing of gear ratios for each unit, and whether or not the elimination of spooldown / accelerator lift off represent a significant enough gain to counter the slightly higher power consumption of the automatic transmission itself.

While the transmission itself is nearly instantaneous, it may be days, weeks, or months before a message is sent, though one can pay a higher fee for " priority service ".

The flight control system operates a set of conventional flight control surfaces with a rigid push-rod transmission system, which itself is electrically-or hydraulically-operated.

The remaining step in utilizing optical amplification to create an optical oscillator is to place highly reflecting mirrors at each end of the amplifying medium so that a wave in a particular spatial mode will reflect back upon itself, gaining more power in each pass than is lost due to transmission through the mirrors and diffraction.

The first contained the code itself ; the second contained an additive cipher which was applied to the codes before transmission, with the starting point for the latter being embedded in the transmitted message.

The PTO is engaged / disengaged using the main transmission clutch and a remote control mechanism which operates on the PTO itself.