Manchester then had two competing power companies until 1904, when the Manchester Light and Power Company purchased the transmission system of the Vail Company.

Axons are in effect the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they help make up nerves.

A practical television system needs to take luminance, chrominance ( in a color system ), synchronization ( horizontal and vertical ), and audio signals, and broadcast them over a radio transmission.

The maximum frame rate depends on the bandwidth of the electronics and the transmission system, and the number of horizontal scan lines in the image.

In an imaging system, it occurs when light from one point of an object does not converge into ( or does not diverge from ) a single point after transmission through the system.

The distinction between broadcast and collision domains comes about because simple Ethernet and similar systems use a shared transmission system.

The result is a network based on a nominally shared transmission system ; like Ethernet, but in which " client " nodes cannot communicate with each other, only with the server / provider.

A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character from a given repertoire with something else — such as a bit pattern, sequence of natural numbers, octets, or electrical pulses — in order to facilitate the transmission of data ( generally numbers or text ) through telecommunication networks or for data storage.

* Cascading failure, a failure in a system of interconnected parts, for example a power transmission grid, where the service provided depends on the operation of a preceding part, and the failure of a preceding part can trigger the failure of successive parts.

Once the transmission characteristics of a system are determined, telecommunication engineers design the transmitters and receivers needed for such systems.

The primary benefit promised by ECC is a smaller key size, reducing storage and transmission requirements — i. e., that an elliptic curve group could provide the same level of security afforded by an RSA-based system with a large modulus and correspondingly larger key — e. g., a 256bit ECC public key should provide comparable security to a 3072bit RSA public key ( see # Key sizes ).

In the 1970s, the ground-based Omega Navigation System, based on phase comparison of signal transmission from pairs of stations, became the first worldwide radio navigation system.

# Autonomic nervous system transmission: both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are regulated by GPCR pathways, responsible for control of many automatic functions of the body such as blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive processes

These sayings spread by oral transmission ; later the founder's disciples set them in writing, developing the thoughts of their master into a system.

At that time, the transmission system included 17, 700 kilometers of line.

Harry Nyquist's 1924 paper, Certain Factors Affecting Telegraph Speed, contains a theoretical section quantifying " intelligence " and the " line speed " at which it can be transmitted by a communication system, giving the relation, where W is the speed of transmission of intelligence, m is the number of different voltage levels to choose from at each time step, and K is a constant.

The system attempts to enforce confidentiality by encrypting the card number during transmission, by limiting the places where it might appear ( in databases, log files, backups, printed receipts, and so on ), and by restricting access to the places where it is stored.

ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide.

As is the case with any vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, diesel locomotives require some type of power transmission system to couple the output of the prime mover to the driving wheels.

** International telephone system: landline connections to Latvia and Poland ; major international connections are to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite

The government-backed Luxembourg satellite company " Société européenne des satellites " ( SES ) was created in 1986 to install and operate a satellite telecommunications system for transmission of television programs throughout Europe.

Potential contributors to latency in an audio system include analog-to-digital conversion, buffering, digital signal processing, transmission time, digital-to-analog conversion and the speed of sound in air.

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Bit rate is an important property when transmitting video because the transmission link must be capable of supporting that bit rate.

For large electrical demands electrical energy must be generated and transmitted continuously over conductive transmission lines.

* The receiving end of the light transmission must be located at a higher gravitational potential in order for gravitational redshift to be observed.

It must be taken into account during experiments, that a conductor carried by a kite can lead to a high voltage toward ground, which can endanger people and equipment, if suitable precautions ( grounding through resistors or a parallel resonant-circuit tuned to transmission frequency ) are not taken.

For this application, the hash function must be as insensitive as possible to data capture or transmission errors, and to " trivial " changes such as timing and volume changes, compression, etc.

An application must assure that it uses proper transmission characteristics.

Since typically only one packet can be transmitted at a time, some of the packets must queue for transmission, incurring additional delay.

If the central node is passive, the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way transmission time ( i. e. to and from the central node ) plus any delay generated in the central node.

Traditional digital methods rely on perturbing noise in the channel file to hide the message, as such, the channel file must be transmitted to the recipient with no additional noise from the transmission.

More recent scholarship, such as that of Yaakov Elman, concludes that since the Tosefta, as we know it, must be dated linguistically as an example of Middle Hebrew 1, it was most likely compiled in early Amoraic times from oral transmission of baraitot., Professor Shamma Friedman, has found that the Tosefta draws on relatively early Tannaitic source material and that parts of the Tosefta predate the Mishnah.

* Termination and ringing: For long wires ( wires longer than 1 / 6 wavelengths can be considered long ) must be modeled as transmission lines and take termination into account.

If transmission reliability is desired, it must be implemented in the user's application.

Multiple sources and loads can be connected to the transmission system and they must be controlled to provide orderly transfer of power.

# The fundamental tariffed switching and transmission ( and other ) services that an operating company must provide to an enhanced service provider ( ESP ) to connect with its customers through the company network.

However, the maximum digital transmission group capacity must be equal to or greater than the sum of the individual multiplexer input channel capacities.

If the transmission is temporarily interrupted, or a bit slip event occurs, the receiver must re-synchronize.

As part of its comparably efficient interconnection ( CEI ) offering, the carrier must make available standardized telephone networking hardware and software interfaces that are able to support transmission, switching, and signaling functions identical to those used in the enhanced services provided by the carrier.

This is the condition that must be fulfilled in order for a transmission down a line to be free from distortion.

The data must be divided into transmission blocks, to which the additional check data is added.

If the central node is passive, the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way round trip transmission time ( i. e. to and from the central node ) plus any delay generated in the central node.

The user must first ascertain, from the manufacturer or by testing, the transmission losses for the type of fiber to be used, and the required signal strength for a given level of performance.