Tusi mentions explicitly that he re-writes the treatise " in Khayyám's own words " and quotes Khayyám, saying that " they are worth adding to Euclid's Elements ( first book ) after Proposition 28.

Seyyed Hossein Nasr, after examining the philosophical works of Khayyám, maintains that it is really reductive to just look at the poems ( which are sometimes doubtful ) to establish his personal views about God or religion ; in fact, he even wrote a treatise entitled " al-Khutbat al-gharrå ˘" ( The Splendid Sermon ) on the praise of God, where he holds orthodox views, agreeing with Avicenna on Divine Unity.

An early attempt to understand memory can be found in Aristotle ’ s major treatise, On the Soul, in which he compares the human mind to a blank slate.

The method of comparing hardness by seeing which minerals can scratch others, however, is of great antiquity, having first been mentioned by Theophrastus in his treatise On Stones, c. 300 BC, followed by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia, c. 77 AD.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.

Frédéric Bastiat's main treatise on property can be found in chapter 8 of his book Economic Harmonies ( 1850 ).

A philosophical treatise attempts to say something where nothing can properly be said.

The earliest surviving recipes for gunpowder can be found in the Chinese military treatise Wujing zongyao of 1044 AD, which contains three: two for use in incendiary bombs to be thrown by siege engines and one intended as fuel for poison smoke bombs.

His treatise upon baptism is the work of a scholar, and places before the reader that exhaustive proof that immersion is the one and only action commanded by the Saviour which can only be reached as the result of complete classical research.

Tautly written, it is a treatise on how someone, with all of the skills, can lose if he " wants " to lose ; how a loser is beaten by himself, not by his opponent ; and how he can learn to win, if he can look deeply enough into himself.

Many reforms in the penal codes of the principal European nations can be traced to Beccaria's treatise, although few contemporaries were convinced by Beccaria's argument against the death penalty.

Explaining that it was " a general treatise on politics and Islam, directed towards the entire Muslim world ; it is not about Bosnia and does not even mention Bosnia " and that " none of these points can be described as fundamentalist.

In his later treatise on late capitalism, Mandel astonishingly hardly mentions the significance of taxation at all, a very serious omission from the point of view of the real world of modern capitalism since taxes can reach a magnitude of a third, or even half of GDP ( see E. Mandel, Late Capitalism.

The word dissertation can at times be used to describe a treatise without relation to obtaining an academic degree.

In A treatise on time and space he introduced a transcendental derivation of the Lorenz Transformations based on Red and Blue exchanging messages ( in Russian and Greek respectively ) from their respective frames of reference which demonstrates how these can be derived from a minimal set of philosophical assumptions.

Much of Vernichtungsgedanke can be seen in Clausewitz ’ classic treatise Vom Kriege ( On War ).

In the treatise, he demonstrates how a camel's pace could be hastened or retarded with the use of music, and shows other examples of how music can affect animal behavior, experimenting with horses, birds and reptiles.

Neither author can be accepted as the actual writer of the treatise.

Another influence on the treatise can be found in Longinus ' rhetorical figures, which draw from theories by a 1st-century BC writer, Caecilius of Calacte.

During the Weimar Republic ( 1918 – 33 ), the political philosopher Carl Schmitt ( 1888 – 1985 ), whose legal work as the “ Crown Jurist of the Third Reich ” promoted fascism and deconstructed liberal democracy, addressed the matter in Legalität und Legitimität ( Legality and Legitimacy, 1932 ) an anti-democratic polemic treatise that asked: How can parliamentary government make for law and legality, when a 49 per cent minority accepts as politically legitimate the political will of a 51 per cent majority?

Narada's Sangita Makarandha treatise, from about 1100 CE, is the earliest text where rules similar to those of current Hindustani classical music can be found.

Less worthy of notice is the attempt by Speusippus to find a more suitable expression for the material principle, the indefinite duality of Plato ; and his Pythagorizing mode of treating the doctrine of numbers which we can see in the extracts of his treatise on the Pythagorean numbers.

The third and concluding book of Littleton ’ s treatise deals mainly with the various ways in which rights over land can be acquired and terminated in the case of a single possessor or several possessors.

In his classic treatise Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, John von Neumann noted that projections on a Hilbert space can be viewed as propositions about physical observables.

The next traditional step then was to accept it as the authoritative textbook of the Christian faith just as one would accept a treatise on any earthly `` science '', and I submitted to its conditions according to Christ's invitation and promise that, `` If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself '' ( John 7: 17 ).

The works that have survived are in treatise form and were not, for the most part, intended for widespread publication, as they are generally thought to be lecture aids for his students.

Pierre-Simon Laplace and Antoine Lavoisier, in their 1780 treatise on heat, arrived at values ranging from 1, 500 to 3, 000 below the freezing-point of water, and thought that in any case it must be at least 600 below.

This rule is completed in his treatise, Ars catholicae fidei, as follows: Theology itself may be demonstrated by reason.

Agathocles was cited as from the lowest, most abject condition of life and as an example of “ those who by their crimes come to be princes ” in Chapter VIII of Niccolò Machiavelli ’ s treatise on politics, The Prince ( 1513 ).

In the preface, Abba Mari explains his object in collecting the correspondence ; and in the treatise which follows he shows that the study of philosophy, useful in itself as a help toward the acquisition of the knowledge of God, requires great caution, lest we be misled by the Aristotelian philosophy or its false interpretation, as regards the principles of creation ex nihilo and divine individual providence.

In spite of its academic nature, the copious details to be found in the treatise rendered it of the highest value to the army organizers of the 16th century, who were engaged in fashioning a regular military system out of the semi-feudal systems of previous generations.

Reference may also be made to the treatise of Czapski-Eppenstein, pp. 155 – 161.

At times, their testimony may be rebutted with a learned treatise, sometimes to the detriment of their reputations.

* The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades, by Zoologist Gerolf Steiner, purports to be a non-fictional natural history study, and was written, published, and presented as if it were an actual scientific treatise documenting the recently-extinct indigenous wildlife (" Rhinogradentia ") of the equally fictitious Hi-yi-yi archipelago.

Euclid ( c. 325-265 BC ), of Alexandria, probably a student of one of Plato ’ s students, wrote a treatise in 13 books ( chapters ), titled The Elements of Geometry, in which he presented geometry in an ideal axiomatic form, which came to be known as Euclidean geometry.

However, there is a reference in Galen's treatise " On Theriac to Piso " ( which may however be spurious ) to events of 204.

* How a man shall be armed for his ease when he shall fight on foot a mid-fifteenth century treatise on armor translated into modern English

They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his treatise, The Gallic Wars, and by 391 BC, they were written about by Roman Consul, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, who received seven of them, " canes Scotici ", as a gift to be used for fighting lions, bears, that in his words, " all Rome viewed with wonder ".

He wrote the treatise, Vera Christianae pacificationis et Ecclesiae reformandae ratio in 1549, in which he described the doctrines that should be upheld, including justification by faith.

In his treatise Leviathan, ( 1651 ), Hobbes expresses a view of natural law as a precept, or general rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life, or takes away the means of preserving the same ; and to omit that by which he thinks it may best be preserved.

" In Joseph Story's 1833 treatise Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, he wrote, " t is a most important and valuable amendment ; and places upon the high ground of constitutional right the inestimable privilege of a trial by jury in civil cases, a privilege scarcely inferior to that in criminal cases, which is conceded by all to be essential to political and civil liberty.

The author of the smaller treatise To the Greeks cannot be Justin, because he is dependent on Tatian ; Harnack places it between 180 and 240.

A 1978 treatise about repression in Iran asserted that women were completely silenced: " In the whole of Iranian history, woman has been allowed to speak out for such tendencies ... To attest to lesbian desires would be an unforgivable crime.

In both Della pittura and De statua, a short treatise on sculpture, Alberti stressed that " all steps of learning should be sought from nature.

According to Arasse, the treatise, which in France went into sixty two editions in fifty years, caused Leonardo to be seen as " the precursor of French academic thought on art ".

For tho'all nations count universally by tens ( originally occasioned by the number of digits on both hands ) yet 8 is a far more complete and commodious number ; since it is divisible into halves, quarters, and half quarters ( or units ) without a fraction, of which subdivision ten is uncapable ...." In a later treatise on Octave computation ( 1753 ) Jones concluded: " Arithmetic by Octaves seems most agreeable to the Nature of Things, and therefore may be called Natural Arithmetic in Opposition to that now in Use, by Decades ; which may be esteemed Artificial Arithmetic.