A number of harmful and undesired ( adverse ) effects have been observed, including lowered life expectancy, extrapyramidal effects on motor control – including akathisia ( an inability to sit still ), trembling, and muscle weakness – weight gain, decrease in brain volume ( although this is being debated, since schizophrenia, which is often treated with antipsychotics, also causes a shrinkage of brain volume ), enlarged breasts ( gynecomastia ) in men and milk discharge in men and women ( galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinaemia ), lowered white blood cell count ( agranulocytosis ), involuntary repetitive body movements ( tardive dyskinesia ), diabetes, sexual dysfunction, a return of psychosis requiring increasing the dosage due to cells producing more neurochemicals to compensate for the drugs ( tardive psychosis ), and a potential for permanent chemical dependence leading to psychosis worse than before treatment began, if the drug dosage is ever lowered or stopped ( tardive dysphrenia ).

They can sometimes be effective in the short-term treatment of psychiatric emergencies such as acute psychosis as in schizophrenia or mania, bringing about rapid tranquillization and sedation until the effects of lithium or neuroleptics ( antipsychotics ) take effect.

Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) is an effective treatment for catatonia as well as for most of the underlying causes ( e. g. psychosis, mania, depression ).

In adults, CBT has been shown to have a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia, and with post-spinal cord injuries.

In adults, CBT has been shown to have a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia, and with post-spinal cord injuries.

reported moderately successful use of ondansetron, a 5-HT < sub > 3 </ sub > receptor antagonist, in the treatment of levodopa psychosis in Parkinson's disease patients.

When other treatments for psychosis are ineffective, electroconvulsive therapy or ECT ( also known as shock treatment ) is sometimes applied to relieve the underlying symptoms of psychosis due to depression.

The first-line psychiatric treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, which can reduce the positive symptoms of psychosis in about 7 – 14 days.

Antipsychotics are also used as mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder, even if no symptoms of psychosis are present.

The first-line psychiatric treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, which can reduce the positive symptoms of psychosis in about 8-15 days.

Treatment of the movement portion of the disease can worsen hallucinations and psychosis, while treatment of hallucinations and psychosis can worsen parkinsonian symptoms.

Michael Cornwall, who worked in one of the Agnews-inspired projects, has revived the Alternative Views and Approaches to Psychosis Initiative at Esalen by convening an invitational conference of leaders in the field of psychosis treatment, under the auspices of the Esalen Center for Theory and Research.

Rauvolfia serpentina, or Indian Snakeroot, yields the alkaloids reserpine and rescinnamine, which are useful tools in the treatment of high blood pressure and even some forms of psychosis.

Venlafaxine is not approved for the treatment of depressive phases of bipolar disorder ; this has some potential danger as venlafaxine can induce mania, mixed states, rapid cycling and / or psychosis in some bipolar patients, particularly if they are not also being treated with a mood stabilizer.

On occasion, a treatment emergent psychosis can occur during long-term therapy with dexmethylphenidate ; regular psychiatric monitoring of people who are taking dexmethylphenidate for adverse effects such as psychotic symptomatology ( with regard to the need for dose adjustment or discontinuation of medication ) has been recommended.

Mental health legislation is largely used in the management of psychiatric disorders, such as dementia or psychosis, and developmental disabilities, where a person does not possess the ability to act in a legally competent manner and requires treatment and / or another person to act in his or her best interests.

:( 4 ) If the disability is a mental breakdown or psychosis requiring treatment in a mental hospital.

Early studies have also examined ondansetron as a possible treatment for psychosis resulting from advanced Parkinson's disease.

The process was marred by an induced psychosis: afterwards, Holtzman suffered from intense paranoia and refused treatment.

Case series and single case studies have also been published describing the use of CAT in dissociative psychosis, the treatment of offenders, brain injury, deliberate self-harm, dissociative identity disorder and Histrionic personality disorder.

The treatment hospitals use on comatose patients depends on both the severity and cause of the comatose state.

Application of EBM data therefore depends on patient circumstances and preferences, and medical treatment remains subject to input from personal, political, philosophical, ethical, economic, and esthetic values.

Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy and condition of disease, but may include medication ( conservative treatment ) or iatrogenic / implanted pacemakers for slow heart rates, defibrillators for those prone to fatal heart rhythms, ventricular assist devices ( LVADs ) for severe heart failure, or ablation for recurring dysrhythmias that cannot be eliminated by medication or cardioversion.

Rather, the choice of a specific treatment depends on the patient's diagnosis, medical and psychiatric history, and preferences, as well as the expertise of the treating clinician.

The tax treatment depends on the application of ( 20 ) factors provided by common law, which varies by state.

Standard treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on extent of involvement and disease severity.

The treatment of pancreatitis is supportive and depends on severity.

The type of treatment, like that of most disorders, depends on the severity of the symptoms.

The duration of treatment depends on the site of infection and on severity.

The choice of treatment depends on a large number of factors, including the type of primary cancer, the size and location of the metastases, the patient's age and general health, and the types of treatments used previously, among others.

The pharmacological treatment for delirium depends on its cause.

The nature of the separation depends on the treatment of the sample and the nature of the gel.

The recommended method depends on the urgency of treatment and the available resources ( i. e. sterilised needles for IV or IM injections ).

The treatment of bladder cancer depends on how deep the tumor invades into the bladder wall.

The treatment of heartburn depends on the underlying cause.

The extent of treatment depends on the source of the water.

The treatment depends largely on the underlying cause.

Specific treatment depends on associated symptoms and the degree of dysfunction.

Treatment depends on the nature of the cause, and emphasis is placed on the prevention and treatment of infection.

The cost of a study depends on many factors, especially the number of sites conducting the study, the number of patients required, and whether the study treatment is already approved for medical use.

As with any cancer, treatment is adapted to fit each person's individual needs and depends on the size, location, and extent of the tumor, the stage of the disease, and general health.

In general, treatment for soft-tissue sarcomas depends on the stage of the cancer.

Initial treatment of multiple myeloma depends on the patient ’ s age and comorbidities.

While treatment success depends on the stage, the average survival rate after five years is around 95 %, and stage 1 cancers cases ( if monitored properly ) have essentially a 100 % survival rate ( which is why prompt action, when testicular cancer is a possibility, is extremely important ).