Chile's judiciary is independent and includes a court of appeal, a system of military courts, a constitutional tribunal, and the Supreme Court.

Article 6 provides a detailed right to a fair trial, including the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal within reasonable time, the presumption of innocence, and other minimum rights for those charged with a criminal offence ( adequate time and facilities to prepare their defence, access to legal representation, right to examine witnesses against them or have them examined, right to the free assistance of an interpreter ).

Under the " independent tribunal " requirement, the Court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6.

Pursuant to Article 158 of the Basic Law ( the constitutional instrument of the Region ), the power of final interpretation of the Law is vested not in the Court of Final Appeal but in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which, unlike the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, is a political body rather than an independent and impartial tribunal of last resort.

Article 14. 1 establishes the ground rules: everyone must be equal before the courts, and any hearing must take place in open court before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal, with any judgment or ruling made public.

" Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

* the right to be heard by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal

In June, 2007, Fontaine, Prime Minister Harper, and Indian Affairs Minister Jim Prentice announced a process to establish an independent tribunal to adjudicate Specific Land Claims.

In New South Wales strata managing agents must be licensed and their conduct is subject to scrutiny by a Government department and independent tribunal.

Established in 1989, the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, which is commonly referred to as Immigration and Refugee Board or simply the IRB, is an independent administrative tribunal that is responsible for making well-rounded and fair decisions on immigration and refugee matters.

That section guarantees " the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal.

The Public Service Labour Relations Board ( French: Commission des relations de travail dans la fonction publique ) is a Canadian independent quasi-judicial statutory tribunal that is responsible for administering the collective bargaining and grievance adjudication systems in the federal public service and in Parliament.

This was as part of the Privy Council ; it first became an independent tribunal with some Privy Council elements under Henry VII, with jurisdiction mainly over matters of equity.

* Inamovibilité " security of tenure ": judges cannot be removed from office, except through specific disciplinary proceedings ( conducted by the National Judicial Council, an independent tribunal ), for infringements on their duties.

The Ontario Municipal Board ( OMB ) is an independent administrative board, operated as an adjudicative tribunal, in the province of Ontario, Canada.

The independent search after truth, unfettered by superstition or tradition ; the oneness of the entire human race, the pivotal principle and fundamental doctrine of the Faith ; the basic unity of all religions ; the condemnation of all forms of prejudice, whether religious, racial, class or national ; the harmony which must exist between religion and science ; the equality of men and women, the two wings on which the bird of human kind is able to soar ; the introduction of compulsory education ; the adoption of a universal auxiliary language ; the abolition of the extremes of wealth and poverty ; the institution of a world tribunal for the adjudication of disputes between nations ; the exaltation of work, performed in the spirit of service, to the rank of worship ; the glorification of justice as the ruling principle in human society, and of religion as a bulwark for the protection of all peoples and nations ; and the establishment of a permanent and universal peace as the supreme goal of all mankind — these stand out as the essential elements Bahá ' u ' lláh proclaimed.

* Danish Press Council, a Danish independent public tribunal press council under the Ministry of Justice

The Fisher Body division, long controlled by the Fisher brothers under a voting trust even though General Motors owned a majority of its stock, followed an independent course for many years, but by 1947 and 1948 `` resistance had collapsed '' and its purchases from Du Pont `` compared favorably '' with purchases by other General Motors divisions.

The Nuns of St Ambrose ( Ambrosian Sisters ) wore a habit of the same colour as the Brothers of St Ambrose, conformed to their constitutions, and followed the Ambrosian Rite, but were independent in government.

Panzer forces were dispersed among the three German concentrations without strong emphasis on independent use, being used to create or destroy close pockets of Polish forces and seize operational-depth terrain in support of the largely un-motorized infantry which followed.

In the 1920s, the United States followed an independent course, and succeeded in a program of naval disarmament, and refunding the German economy.

The war was followed by decolonization, and again most of the new independent states had nominally democratic constitutions.

In 1976 Devo released their first single Mongoloid b / w Jocko Homo, the B-side of which came from the soundtrack to The Truth About De-Evolution, on their independent label " Booji Boy ", followed in 1977 by the re-working of the Rolling Stones ' "( I Can't Get No ) Satisfaction ".

Through the 1960s and 1970s, comic fanzines followed some general formats, such as the industry news and information magazine ( The Comic Reader was one example ), interview, history and review-based fanzines, and the fanzines which basically represented independent comic book-format exercises.

Further promotion within the company followed, but the business began to decline, and in 1865 Eiffel, seeing no future there, resigned and set up as an independent consulting engineer.

Conrad's death was followed by the Interregnum, during which no king could achieve universal recognition and the princes managed to consolidate their holdings and became even more independent rulers.

Carolingian rule, loose integration into the Holy Roman Empire and Viking depredation followed, the local noblemen being left relatively free to carve out highly independent duchies and counties.

The head of the Hittite state was the king, followed by the heir-apparent, although some officials exercised independent authority over various branches of the government.

Much of the eastern parts of the country remained independent, as part of the Turk Shahi kingdoms of Kabul and Gandhara, which lasted that way until the forces of the Muslim Saffarid dynasty followed by the Ghaznavids conquered them.

The loss of other Spanish principalities then followed, as the Spanish marches grew more and more independent.

In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that

The decade that followed has been marked by a cycle of violence and resumption of peace talks between the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front that sought to establish an independent Islamic state in Maguindanao.

It is thought that objects that are currently in mean orbital resonances with Neptune initially followed independent heliocentric paths.

In the Roman manuscripts the canons of Sardica followed those of Nicaea immediately, without an independent title, while the African manuscripts contained only the genuine canons of Nicaea, so that the canon appealed to by Zosimus was not contained in the African copies of the Nicene canons.

British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden called for Arab unity during the 1940s, and this was followed by specific proposals from pro-British leaders, including King Abdullah of Transjordan and Prime Minister Nuri al-Said of Iraq, but Egyptian proposals for a broader grouping of independent Arab states prevailed with the establishment of the League of Arab States, a regional international organization, in 1945.

British Somaliland became independent on June 26, 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia ( the former Italian Somaliland ) followed suit five days later.

Knudson observed that the age of onset of retinoblastoma followed 2nd order kinetics, implying that two independent genetic events were necessary.

Universalist churches in contrast followed a different path, having begun as independent congregations beyond the bounds of the established Puritan churches entirely.

He followed Spengler in taking a comparative topical approach to independent civilizations.

* Major armed conflict in Ireland including Irish War of Independence ( 1919 – 1921 ) resulting in Ireland becoming an independent country in 1922 followed by the Irish Civil War ( 1922 – 23 ).

The United Kingdom tested its first independent atomic bomb in 1952, followed by France in 1960 and then the People's Republic of China in 1964.

The variation of energy for the particle, taking path 1 from A to B and then path 2 backwards from B to A, is 0 ; thus, the work is the same in path 1 and 2, i. e., the work is independent of the path followed, as long as it goes from A to B.