The tribunes could even convene a Senate meeting and lay legislation before it and arrest magistrates.

Although his term lasted only six months instead of twelve ( except for the Dictatorships of Sulla and Caesar ), all other magistrates reported to the dictator ( except for the tribunes of the plebs-although they could not veto any of the dictator's acts ), granting the dictator absolute authority in both civil and military matters throughout the Republic.

In 442 BC, no consuls were elected, but military tribunes with consular power were appointed instead ; this was a move by the plebeians to try to attain higher magistracies: only patricians could be elected consuls, while some military tribunes were plebeians.

Since tribunes were technically not magistrates, they had no magisterial powers (" major powers " or maior potestas ), and thus could not rely on such powers to veto.

While only patricians could be consuls, some military tribunes were plebeians.

He could veto any act or proposal of any magistrate, including the tribunes of the people ( ius intercedendi or ius intercessionis ).

However, the Roman masses mocked the priests, and as Livy writes, " those who ought to have been punished were instead appointed for the coming year military tribunes with consular powers ( the highest that could be granted )....

Poor Romans could elect tribunes which were government bodies consulted by the Senate ; tribunes had the power to veto legislation but not to propose legislation.

Close relations between the plebeian tribunes and the senate meant that the senate could still exercise a great degree of control over the Plebeian Council.

" At the time only Patricians could be chosen as Consuls, but both Patricians and Plebeians could be elected as tribunes with consular authority.

The tribunes, like their consular predecessors, exercised consular imperium, indicating they must have been elected by the comitia centuriata, and that the current needs of the state could not be served by the previous consular system.

Thrasea, having consulted with his friends, decided not to attend ; he also declined the offer of the young Arulenus Rusticus, one of the tribunes, to use his tribunician veto against the decree of the senate, saying that such an action would merely endanger the life of the tribune without saving his own.

Under the guidance of Terentilius, the plebes also had the Roman consulship abolished for a time while five plebeian tribunes assumed consular powers.

He also proposed that the tribunes should be allowed to become candidates for the same office in successive years.

* Publius Licinius P. f. P. n. Calvus Esquilinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 400 BC ; according to Livius, one of the first plebeians elected to this office, although some of the consular tribunes in 444 and 422 may also have been plebeians.

Claudius Lysias is called " the tribune " ( χιλίαρχος chiliarch ) 16 times within Acts 21-24 ( 21. 31-33, 37 ; 22. 24, 26-29 ; 23. 10, 15, 17, 19, 22 ; 24. 22 ); 17 times if Claudius Lysias is also included in among the " military tribunes " in the " audience hall " when Herod Agrippa II and Bernice come to hear Paul ().

This council also elected the ten tribunes and Aediles in interest of the plebeians.

The tribuni militum consulari potestate (" military tribunes with consular authority "), in English commonly also Consular Tribunes, were tribunes elected with consular power during the so-called " Conflict of the Orders " in the Roman Republic, starting in 444 BC and then continuously from 408 BC to 394 BC and again from 391 BC to 367 BC.

The increase was due to the need for the consular tribunes to not only handle the military affairs of Rome, but also the administrative needs of the city as well.

* The use of military tribunes with consular power is abandoned permanently and the dual consulship is restored.

The elections were void because of the excessive use of the tribunes ' veto.

In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers, which made his person sacrosanct and allowed him to veto the Senate, although on at least one occasion, tribunes did attempt to obstruct him.

When Lucius Cornelius Sulla was dictator he severely curtailed the tribunes of the plebeians by invalidating their power of veto and making it illegal for them to bring laws before the Concilium Plebis without the Senate's consent.

The concept of a veto body originated with the Roman consuls and tribunes.

The institution of the veto, known as the intercessio, was adopted by the Roman Republic in the 6th century BC to enable the tribunes to protect the interests of the plebs ( common citizenry ) from the encroachments of the patricians, who dominated the Senate.

One of the tribunes even threatened to put his veto on the bill, which was withdrawn before the voting took place.

Cinna and his supporters began using violence to intimidate the tribunes to withdraw their veto, leading to a full scale riot in the Roman forum.

At the Concilium Plebis where Servilius Caepio was tried, two tribunes attempted to veto proceedings, but were driven off by force.

In 57 BC, one of the tribunes proposed the recall of Cicero, and Clodius resorted to force to prevent the passing of the decree.

Caesar ignored this, and set the date upon which the vote was to take place ; on the day of the vote, Bibulus and two of his tribunes mounted the steps of the Temple of Castor and attempted to denounce the bill, upon which the crowd broke his fasces, pushed him to the ground and dumped feces on him.

To avoid the possibility of plebeians obtaining control of the census, the patricians removed the right to take the census from the consuls and tribunes, and appointed for this duty two magistrates, called censores ( censors ), elected exclusively from the patricians in Rome.

After the impeachment of the two obstructive tribunes, Caesar, perhaps unsurprisingly, faced no further opposition from other members of the Tribunician College.

Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all consuls and tribunes in 42 BC.

All of the powers of the tribunes derived from their sacrosanctity.

So to stop the plebeians from possibly gaining control of the census, the patricians remove from the consuls and tribunes the right to take the census, and rather entrust it to two magistrates, called censores who were to be chosen exclusively from the patricians in Rome.

After breaking through, one of the Roman tribunes took twenty maniples ( a smaller division of the legion ) and attacked the Macedonian right wing from behind.

During these same years Rome organized a rudimentary navy, constructed its first military roads ( construction of the Via Appia was begun in 312 BC and of the Via Valeria in 306 ), and increased the size of its annual military levy as seen from the increase of annually elected military tribunes from 6 to 16.

His son Caeso Quinctius often drove the tribunes of the plebeians out from the forum, preventing them from reaching a formal decision.

Gaius further distanced himself from his fellow tribunes when he insisted that the seats for a gladiatorial show be removed to allow the poor to watch.

There are some persons bearing the gentile name Furius, who were plebeians, since they are mentioned as tribunes of the plebs ; and those persons either had gone over from the patricians to the plebeians, or they were descended from freedmen or some family of the Furii, as is expressly stated in the case of one of them.

Attempting to quell it, Blaesus had loyal troops throw the rioters in the guardhouse, but they were set free, the tribunes were ejected from camp, and a harsh centurion murdered.

The commission came from the operai of the cathedral of Florence, who intended to decorate the buttresses of the tribunes of the cathedral with 12 statues of prophets.

* 459 BC: The college of the tribune of the Plebs is raised from two to ten tribunes

After writing two plays during his imprisonment, in which he is said to have apologized for his former rudeness, he was liberated through the interference of the tribunes of the commons ; but he had shortly afterwards to retire from Rome ( in or about 204 ) to Utica.

The term is originally derived from the tribunes, magistrates of the Classical Roman Republic.

In 75 he was consul, and excited the hostility of the optimates by carrying a law that abolished the Sullan disqualification of the tribunes from holding higher magistracies ; another law de judiciis privatis, of which nothing is known, was abrogated by his brother Lucius Cotta.

Finally, on 7 < sup > th </ sup > January 49 BCE, the senate under Lentulus and Marcellus passed the “ final decree ” ( senatus consultum ultimum )< ref > Caesar, < i > B. C .</ i > i. 5 ; the tribunes Antonius and Cassius fled with Caesar's envoy, the younger Curio, from Rome to meet Caesar at Ravenna.