This crisis was addressed in 1992-93 by construction of a tunnel to divert water into the lake from the Arpa River.

Some also claim it to be the oldest subway tunnel in the world, as it was built by the cut and cover method under a city street, specifically for the purposes of improved public safety, attaining grade separation and enhanced railway operations.

The tunnel opened for use on December 3, 1844, but was not completely finished until late Spring 1845.

Prior to the tunnel being built, the LIRR's western terminus was Atlantic Street at Clinton Street.

While the tunnel was being built, the railroad operated to a temporary terminal at Pacific Street and Henry Street.

As built, the tunnel was wide, high and long.

In the 1920s it was rumored used for both mushroom growing and bootleg whiskey stills even though there was no access into the main portion of the tunnel.

During the late 1950s it was sought by two rail historians, George Horn and Martin Schachne, but they did not gain access to the tunnel itself.

Having fallen from public notice, the tunnel was rediscovered in 1981 by then 18-year-old Robert " Bob " Diamond, who entered from a manhole he located at Atlantic Avenue and Court Street, crawled a distance of underground through a filled-in section of tunnel less than two feet high, and located the bulkhead wall that sealed off the main portion of the tunnel.

The first person to experiment in this fashion was Francis Herbert Wenham, who in doing so constructed the first wind tunnel in 1871.

Objects placed in wind tunnel models are almost always smaller than in practice, so a method was needed to relate small scale models to their real-life counterparts.

An under sea water supply tunnel with a length of, named the Bosphorus Water Tunnel, was constructed in 2012 to transfer water from the Melen Creek in Düzce Province ( to the east of the Bosphorus strait, in northwestern Anatolia ) to the European side of Istanbul, from a distance of.

The Central Artery / Tunnel Project ( CA / T ), known unofficially as the Big Dig, was a megaproject in Boston that rerouted the Central Artery ( Interstate 93 ), the chief highway through the heart of the city, into a 3. 5-mile ( 5. 6-km ) tunnel.

The most expensive was the building of the Phase II Silver Line tunnel under Fort Point Channel, done in coordination with Big Dig construction.

This was not made publicly known to the media, but engineers at MIT ( volunteer students and professors ) performed several experiments and found serious problems with the tunnel.

The report went on to state that the $ 14. 6 billion tunnel system was riddled with more than 400 leaks.

On September 1, 2006, one eastbound lane of the connector tunnel was re-opened to traffic.

The next day, a supervisor passing through the yard realized that the fixture was not road debris but was in fact one of the fixtures used to light the tunnel itself.

BHRA was formed in 1982 to restore the historic tunnel.

Harvard Square was originally the northwestern terminus of the Red Line and a major transfer point to streetcars that also operated in a short tunnel — which is still a major bus terminal, although the area under the Square was reconfigured dramatically in the 1980s when the Red Line was extended.

Atkinson dug numerous trenches at the site and reopened the 1849 tunnel, where he found material suggesting a Neolithic date, although none of his radiocarbon dates are considered reliable by modern standards.

* Snow Hill tunnel, south of Farringdon station, was reopened for passenger use in 1988, providing a link between the Midland Main Line, from St Pancras station, and the former Southern Railway, via London Bridge station.

The tunnel underneath Birmingham city centre that served the station was also reopened, along with the line towards Kidderminster and Worcester.

Following an agreement to leave a short section at one end of the tunnel untreated, and more sympathetic treatment of the rest of the tunnel, the work went ahead and the route reopened – much later than originally anticipated – in 1998.

The tunnel eventually reopened to the public in December 2011, though initially access to the tunnel was only by the stairs until final works on the lifts are completed.

Once the damaged tunnel was repaired by Metronet engineers, the line was reopened, also allowing the Metropolitan line to be fully restored, since the closure had meant all trains had terminated two stations early at Moorgate.

The two stations were connected by a tunnel link which closed in 1968, only to be reopened in 1987 when the new Moor Street station was completed.

As a result, the tunnel was closed to trains for the duration of 2004 for relining but it has now reopened.

It was estimated that the road tunnel could not be rebuilt and reopened for traffic for at least a few months.

In spring of 2001, the mining tunnel connected to the museum was reopened.

Amazingly, there were no significant structural damages, and the tunnel was officially reopened to traffic at 7: 45 a. m. on July 23, 2001.

One eastbound lane of the connector tunnel which collapsed was reopened to traffic on September 1.

Works on the stabilisation of The Rock's cliff began in summer 2009 and the tunnel reopened to traffic on 2 November 2010.

Approximately 650 short tons ( 590 tonnes ) of rubble were removed during the weekend before the tunnel reopened.

After the over throw of the Taliban led government, a joint effort between agencies from Afghanistan, France, Russia, the United States and others cleared the mines and debris and reopened the tunnel on January 19, 2002.

The tunnel was reopened on February 12, 2010.

Closed in 1906, the tunnel was deepened and reopened to electric street car traffic in 1911-12.

In 1973 the first bridge between two islands was established between Norðskáli on Eysturoy and Nesvík on Streymoy ; in 1976 the new tunnel between Norðskáli and Eysturoy was completed.

However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the " thirty glorious years " after World War II, combined with the official discourse that the " end of the tunnel was near ".

Though the project was supposed to take three years, the tunnel was not opened to traffic until March 8, 1973.

A new Bowen Hills station opened on the current site at the north end of the tunnel in 1973.

In 1974-1989, after the 1973 flood, the city built a completely new 4-kilometer tunnel, 3. 47 metres high and 4. 90 metres wide, from Durova Street to Metropol Hotel ( where the tunnel forks into two branches ).

Between 1973 and 1976 a tunnel was built under Zumikon to reduce noise pollution in the town.

Following several years of preparation work, the tunnel was officially re-opened in 1973.

The East River tunnel was completed in 1973, and outfitting for the new lines that were to run through it was to begin in early 1974.

The Sierra Club proposed building a tunnel to bypass the road in 1973.

The tunnel was the highest road tunnel in the world until 1973, when the United States built the Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel — just slightly higher and slightly longer — in the Rocky Mountains.

A diversion tunnel to allow the river to bypass the dam site was excavated between 1966 and December 1973.

In the 1973 book The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, one of the robbers wonders if he will wind up in the missing subway tunnel.

It was opened for automobiles on July 13, 1972, and the first train crossed the tunnel on January 31, 1973.