Polyphosphates gave renewed life to soap products at a time when surfactants were a threat though expensive, and these same polyphosphates spelled the decline of soap usage when the synergism between polyphosphates and synthetic detergent actives was recognized and exploited.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

As a simple, cheap and reliable device, the Russian abacus was in use in all shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, and the usage of it was taught in most schools until the 1990s.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

The first abjad to gain widespread usage was the Phoenician abjad.

The term alphasyllabary was suggested for the Indic scripts in 1997 by William Bright, following South Asian linguistic usage, to convey the idea that " they share features of both alphabet and syllabary ".

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

In 386 Justina and Valentinian received the Arian bishop Auxentius, and Ambrose was again ordered to hand over a church in Milan for Arian usage.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

While at the time the process was openly referred to as colonization (" takushoku " 拓殖 ), the notion was later reframed by Japanese elites to the currently common usage " kaitaku "( 開拓 ), which instead conveys a sense of opening up or reclamation of the Ainu lands.

When the grammatical dual form of Ajax is used in the Iliad, it was once believed that it indicated the lesser Ajax fighting side-by-side with Telamonian Ajax, but now it is generally thought that that usage refers to the Greater Ajax and his brother Teucer.

The term was popularized by G. L. Trager and Bernard Bloch in a 1941 paper on English phonology and went on to become part of standard usage within the American structuralist tradition.

Of the capabilities present in the BBC Micro but absent from the Electron, the teletext-style mode 7 was particularly conspicuous because of the very low memory usage in that mode ( just less than 1 kB ) and the high number of BBC programs that used it.

Aon said its conduct was not deliberate, adding it had since " significantly strengthened and enhanced its controls around the usage of third parties ".

By making the mass number of soldiers blend within the landscape / painting, it shows that he believed that the usage and depiction of landscape was just as significant as a historical event, such as a war.

Society at Nauplia was divided into 3 classes: nobles, citizens and plebeians ; and it had been the ancient usage that the nobles alone should hold the much-coveted local offices, such as the judge of the inferior court and inspector of weights and measures.

According to the FidoNet Nodelist, BBSes reached their peak usage around 1996, which was the same period that the World Wide Web suddenly became mainstream.

In 1991, Steven Fanning argued that " it is unlikely that the term ever existed as a title or was in common usage in Anglo-Saxon England ".

The later usage was in part attributed to the choices of gold, silver and bronze to represent the first three Ages of Man in Greek mythology: the Golden Age, when men lived among the gods ; the Silver age, where youth lasted a hundred years ; and the Bronze Age, the era of heroes, and was first adopted at the 1904 Summer Olympics.

The thermosetting phenolic resin was at one point considered for the manufacture of coins, due to a shortage of traditional material ; in 1943, Bakelite and other non-metal materials were tested for usage for the one cent coin in the US before the Mint settled on zinc-coated steel.

Noteworthy in the following statement is the usage of the term " not far " ( non longe ) which was also used to describe the distance between Birka and the Uppsala temple:

The first known usage of the term blue whale was in Melville's Moby-Dick, which only mentions it in passing and does not specifically attribute it to the species in question.

Thomas proposed a five-stage sequence of site usage:

It has also been proposed that the poverty of the stimulus problem can be largely avoided, if we assume that children employ similarity-based generalization strategies in language learning, generalizing about the usage of new words from similar words that they already know how to use.

On February 14, 2008, when NASA proposed research into nuclear thermal rockets, Technobahn, a scientific journal in Japan, referred to the usage of nuclear thermal rocket engines on mobile suits in the Gundam universe.

The current usage of realism and completeness originated in the 1935 paper in which Einstein and others proposed the EPR paradox.

Metrics other than pure power usage have also been proposed, such as ' mastery ' of a planet, system or galaxy rather than considering energy alone, or considering the amount of information controlled by a civilization rather than the amount of energy.

IBM's research team pursued a tool approach over a language design approach and in 2001 proposed Hyper / J and the Concern Manipulation Environment, which have not seen wide usage.

The griffin — a similar creature but with an eagle's head rather than that of a king — has also been proposed as an origin, arising in Israelite culture as a result of Hittite usage of griffins ( rather than being depicted as aggressive beasts, Hittite depictions show them seated calmly, as if guarding ), and some have proposed that griffin may be cognate to cherubim, but Lammasu were significantly more important in Levantine culture, and thus more likely to be the origin.

Different factors have been proposed to be related to codon usage bias, including gene expression level ( reflecting selection for optimizing translation process by tRNA abundance ), % G + C composition ( reflecting horizontal gene transfer or mutational bias ), GC skew ( reflecting strand-specific mutational bias ), amino acid conservation, protein hydropathy, transcriptional selection, RNA stability, optimal growth temperature and hypersaline adaptation.

In the field of bioinformatics and computational biology, many statistical methods have been proposed and used to analyze codon usage bias.

In order to preserve the widespread usage of both Hippeastrum and Leopoldia, Fabio Garbari and Werner Greuter proposed in 1970 that Herbert's Hippeastrum and Parlatore's Leopoldia should be conserved and Herbert's Leopoldia rejected.

Most notably, the museum contained a large variety of birds which Peale himself acquired, and it was the first to display North American mastodon bones ( which in Peale's time were referred to as mammoth bones ; these common names were amended by Georges Cuvier in 1800, and his proposed usage is that employed today ).

To achieve the film series integrity, the usage of time machine was proposed.

The collection assigns Grim to " I. T ." ( which in modern usage could be " J. T ."); John Tatham has been proposed as one possible candidate for " I. T ." Reports of earlier editions of Grim, in 1599, 1600, and 1606, have proved unverifiable.

Operation Linnet proposed, the usage of most of the First Airborne Army including the 52nd Division, to seize areas in north-eastern France to block the German line of retreat.

In 1905 Russian scientist Vladimir Mitkevich proposed the usage of three-phase electric arc for welding.

The following principles were proposed by Yvonne Balzer to guide development, maintenance, and usage of the SOA:

In the text below, when a proposed word or usage is not grammatically correct according to the standard rules of Esperanto grammar, it will be marked with an asterisk.

Instead of declaring what was correct grammatical usage, Quirk and his collaborators proposed a descriptive rather than prescriptive grammar, showing readers that different groups of English speakers chose different usages, arguing that what is correct is what communicates effectively.

In the 2007 State of the Union speech, President Bush proposed a 20: 10 policy, where, as a nation, the United States would be working to reduce 20 % of the national energy usage in next 10 years by converting to ethanol.

In fact, even before the Republican era, the term " Shina " was one of the proposed names that was to be equivalent to the Western usage " China.

A proposed definition for both terms as the " physical totality of all traits of an organism or of one of its subsystems " was put forth by Mahner and Kary in 1997, who argue that although scientists tend to intuitively use these and related terms in a manner that does not impede research, the terms are not well defined and usage of the terms is not consistent.

The Data Protection Regulation is a proposed set of consistent regulations across the European Union that will protect Internet users from clandestine tracking and unauthorized personal data usage.

A proposed treatment for cancer is the usage of telomerase inhibitors that would prevent the restoration of the telomere, allowing the cell to die like other body cells.