The main use of metallic arsenic is for strengthening alloys of copper and especially lead ( for example, in car batteries ).

Although forms of brass have been in use since prehistory, its true nature as a copper-zinc alloy was not understood until the post medieval period because the zinc vapor which reacted with copper to make brass was not recognised as a metal.

However it is now thought this was probably a deliberate change in composition and overall the use of brass increases over this period making up around 40 % of all copper alloys used in the Roman world by the 4th century AD.

In 1723 Bristol brass maker Nehemiah Champion patented the use of granulated copper, produced by pouring molten metal into cold water.

" This local zinc was used in speltering and allowed greater control over the zinc content of brass and the production of high zinc copper alloys which would have been difficult or impossible to produce using cementation, for use in expensive objects such as scientific instruments, clocks, brass buttons and costume jewellery.

At the current time, it is more economical to smelt copper ore rather than to use bioleaching, since the concentration of copper in its ore is in general quite high.

However, since " bronze " is a somewhat imprecise term, and historical pieces have variable compositions, in particular with an unclear boundary with brass, modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the more cautious and inclusive term " copper alloy " instead.

The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons.

During the past few centuries of detailed, scientific study of the Bronze Age, it has become clear that on the whole, the use of copper or bronze was only the most stable and therefore the most diagnostic part of a cluster of features marking the period.

The history of discovery and use of the elements began with primitive human societies that found native elements like copper and gold, and extracted ( smelted ) iron and a few other metals from their ores.

Modern clutches typically use a compound organic resin with copper wire facing or a ceramic material.

The ideal use of copper is achieved by foils.

In 1881 John Evans recognizing that the use of copper often preceded the use of bronze distinguished between a transitional Copper Age and the Bronze Age proper.

The Copper Age features the use of copper, excluding bronze ; moreover, stone continued to be used in a minor industry throughout both the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.

Knowledge of the use of copper was far wider spread than the metal itself.

Coinage metals, such as copper and silver, slowly corrode through use.

Pure gold is too soft for day-to-day monetary use and is typically hardened by alloying with copper, silver or other base metals.

The most common materials are steel and aluminum, but specialized shoes may include use of rubber, plastic, magnesium, titanium, or copper.

Although copper and bronze were in use, iron was not yet employed.

This had been achieved much earlier for lead and copper as well as for producing pig iron in a blast furnace, but the second stage in the production of bar iron depended on the use of potting and stamping ( for which a patent expired in 1786 ) or puddling ( patented by Henry Cort in 1784 ).

Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the use of the copper IUD.

For example, in the United States, only one type of copper IUD is approved for use, while in the United Kingdom, over ten varieties are available.

The 4th – 3rd millenniums witnessed the beginning of metal production, manufacture of copper tools, and use of casting molds.

One use of agar in Japanese cuisine is anmitsu, a dessert made of small cubes of agar jelly and served in a bowl with various fruits or other ingredients.

While these methods of distributing communion are not accepted in Roman Catholic churches, one such church provides a mechanical dispenser to allow those intending to communicate to place in a bowl, without touching them by hand, the hosts for use in the celebration.

In 1892, recognizing that there was no recognition for the best team in all of Canada ( various leagues had championship trophies ), he purchased a decorative bowl for use as a trophy.

The Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ) text of the Wubei Zhi ( Treatise on Armament Technology ), written by Mao Yuanyi in 1628, outlined the use of land mines that were triggered by the heat of a slow-burning incandescent material in an underground bowl placed directly above the train of fuses leading to the mines buried 3 ft beneath.

The Neapolitan Ice Spoon has a double use ; ice bowl is for putting the mixture into the mold, and the handle is for leveling it.

A bong may be constructed from any air-and water-tight vessel by adding a bowl and stem apparatus ( or slide ) which guides air downward to below water level whence it bubbles upward (" bubbler ") during use.

Bongs are often either glass or plastic that use a bowl, stem, and water to produce smoke.

A common method is to fill a bowl surrounding the flask with water, oil, sand or steam, or to use a wrap around heating mantle.

To ensure a ready mixture, the carburetor has a " float chamber " ( or " bowl ") that contains a quantity of fuel at near-atmospheric pressure, ready for use.

However, so the story goes, John Willes became the first bowler to use a " round-arm " technique after practising with his sister Christina, who had used the technique, as she was unable to bowl underarm due to her wide dress impeding her delivery of the ball.

Forms that avoid confusion with Danish include a dot placed in the centre of zero ; one with the use of a tick, that is, a slash that does not cross the entire bowl of the figure, but entirely lies in the upper right ; a form found in Germany with a completely vertical slash ; and one with a slash from upper left to lower right.

Players must use chopsticks to transfer four types of wacky sushi characters ( King Fu Carl-the world's last starfish assassin, Lois-the Louisiana Squirrel Roll, Chum and Tako's Tentacle ) into the main community betting bowl.

The ancient Roman calix was a drinking vessel consisting of a bowl fixed atop a stand, and was in common use at banquets.

Mercury used for setting and artificial horizon, was kept in Cowri shells and for use poured into the begging bowl carried by the Pundit.

In 1990, the contest became one of the earliest college bowl games to use a title sponsor, becoming the Poulan Weed-Eater Independence Bowl.

) Although it has been many years since Poulan Weed-Eater has been a sponsor, many still use their name when referring to this bowl.

The 1932 – 33 England tour of Australia is considered one of the most infamous episodes of cricket, due to the England team's use of bodyline, where captain Douglas Jardine instructed his bowlers Bill Voce and Harold Larwood to bowl fast, short-pitched deliveries aimed at the bodies of the Australian batsmen.

During the series he is shown to use cooking fat, a toilet bowl, a cigarette, a fork and his jacket all as weapons ; he is also shown using a coat hanger as a makeshift measuring device.

The bowl organizers planned to use these proceeds toward the 2005 game, which they hoped would bring more familiar west coast schools.

In restaurants or households that commonly use bare hands to eat, like in seafood foodstalls, traditional Sundanese and Minangkabau restaurants, or East Javanese pecel lele ( fried catfish with sambal ) and ayam goreng ( fried chicken ) food stalls, they usually serve kobokan, a bowl of tap water with a slice of lime in it to give a fresh scent.

Since a single bowler has only six legal balls to bowl before he must hand the ball to another bowler, he typically plans to use those six balls to set up a pattern of play designed to get a batsman out.

The current system, in use since 1998, is the Bowl Championship Series, a selection system that creates five bowl match-ups involving ten of the top ranked teams, including an opportunity for the top two to compete in the BCS National Championship Game.

They use fuel-efficient methods, such as steaming fish or vegetables in a small covered bowl nestled at the top of the rice pot.

To use the suribachi the bowl is set on a non-slip surface, such as a rubber mat or a damp towel, and the surikogi is used to grind the material.