In 1851, the Admiralty decided to use Welsh steam coal in ships of the Royal Navy, and this decision boosted the reputation of Aberdare's product and launched a huge international export market.

They began to use water mills, enclosed furnaces, and steam engines to produce higher-quality sugar at a much more efficient pace than elsewhere in the Caribbean.

Petroleum refining makes intensive use of catalysis for alkylation, catalytic cracking ( breaking long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller pieces ), naphtha reforming and steam reforming ( conversion of hydrocarbons into synthesis gas ).

Before central power stations were widely introduced it was common for industries, large hotels and commercial buildings to generate their own power and use low pressure exhaust steam for heating.

They generate power by burning natural gas in a gas turbine and use residual heat to generate additional electricity from steam.

Hero of Alexandria is credited with many such wind and steam powered machines in the 1st century AD, including the Aeolipile, but it is not known if any of these were put to practical use.

The Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum.

George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848 ) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives.

Although the use of water power gave way to steam power in many of the larger mills and factories, it was still used during the 18th and 19th centuries for many smaller operations, such as driving the bellows in small blast furnaces ( e. g. the Dyfi Furnace ) and gristmills, such as those built at Saint Anthony Falls, which uses the 50-foot ( 15 m ) drop in the Mississippi River.

The first real attempt at industrial use of steam power was due to Thomas Savery in 1698.

In close collaboration with Matthew Boulton, he had succeeded by 1778 in perfecting his steam engine, which incorporated a series of radical improvements, notably the closing off of the upper part of the cylinder thereby making the low pressure steam drive the top of the piston instead of the atmosphere, use of a steam jacket and the celebrated separate steam condenser chamber.

In 1759 Watt's friend, John Robison, called his attention to the use of steam as a source of motive power.

One of these included the use of the steam indicator which produced an informative plot of the pressure in the cylinder against its volume, which he kept as a trade secret.

Because of the danger of exploding boilers, which were in a very primitive stage of development, and the ongoing issues with leaks, Watt restricted his use of high pressure steam – all of his engines used steam at near atmospheric pressure.

Discontinuous and SSV ( super-heated steam ) use atmosphere to introduce heat into the kiln charge.

The first inter city passenger railway, Liverpool and Manchester Railway, opened in 1830, making exclusive use of steam power for both passenger and freight trains.

In the USA, Mathias Baldwin started building stationary steam engines for commercial use and by 1830, opened his own workshop producing steam locomotives.

The first commercial use of a steam locomotive was Salamanca on the narrow gauge Middleton Railway in Leeds in 1812.

NATO pilots use the brevity code Fox One in radio communication to signal launch of a Semi-Active Radar Homing Missile such as the Sparrow.

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

" When Congress, in the summer of 1973, legislated an end to U. S. military action in, over, or off the shores of Indochina, the only U. S. military activity then going on was air support of a friendly Cambodian government and army desperately defending their country against a North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge onslaught ... What destabilized Cambodia was North Vietnam's occupation of chunks of Cambodian territory from 1965 onwards for use as military bases from which to launch attacks on U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam.

Thus it is possible to launch Windows applications from the Cygwin environment, as well as to use Cygwin tools and applications within the Windows operating context.

Ships also use them to launch torpedoes and deploy bombs against submarines.

Pumpkin chunking is another widely popularized use, in which people compete to see who can launch a pumpkin the farthest by mechanical means ( although the world record is held by a pneumatic air cannon ).

To increase the survivability of ICBMs, there was a proposal to use mobile launch platforms ( such as Russian SS-24 and SS-25 ) and so the need to fix the launch position had similarity to the SLBM situation.

Whereas MacNeill intended to use force only to resist the imposition of conscription on Ireland, or to prevent the use of force to disarm of the Volunteers, the IRB men intended to launch an armed rebellion in pursuit of Irish independence.

Modern ICBMs tend to be smaller than their ancestors, due to increased accuracy and smaller and lighter warheads, and use solid fuels, making them less useful as orbital launch vehicles.

The prevailing opinion of many scholars outside the Soviet Union is that Stalin intended to use the resulting doctors ' trial to launch a massive party purge.

* 1971 – Apollo program: launch of Apollo 15 on the first Apollo " J-Mission ", and first use of a Lunar Roving Vehicle.

In early planning for the Apollo Program, it had been assumed that two Saturn V launch vehicles would be used for each lunar mission: one for sending the crew aboard a Lunar Surface Module ( LSM ) to lunar orbit, landing, and returning, and a second for sending an LSM-Truck ( LSM-T ) with all of the equipment, supplies, and transport vehicle for use by the crew while on the surface.

* In the turned-based tactics game X-COM: UFO Defense the alien invaders use Mars as a base of operations in which to launch UFO attacks on Earth.

Accidentally killing noncombatants in the cross fire of battles being fought in the middle of cities is immoral, unless ... refraining from fighting in the Palestinian cities inevitably means the Palestinians will use the safe havens of their cities to plan, prepare and launch ever more murderous attacks on Jewish noncombatants.

The ship's defences keep the crew compartment and many of the ship's systems intact, including the faster-than-light drive ( hyperdrive ), but the normal drive is destroyed, leaving them unable to launch back into space to use the hyperdrive.

Another Mongol tactic was to use catapults to launch corpses of plague victims into besieged cities.

The upstart MyNetworkTV, a sister company of Fox, launched a line of prime time telenovelas ( a genre that is similar to a soap opera in terms of content ) upon its launch in 2006, but ended its use of the format in 2007 after disappointing ratings.

They use the baby as a means to anger humans who have become afraid of aliens since the Xindi conflict and launch a campaign from Mars to drive the alien outsiders from human space.

In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ( 1857 – 1935 ) published Means of Reaction Devices ( in Russian: Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами ), which is the first academic treatise on the use of rocketry to launch spacecraft.

All current spacecraft use chemical rockets ( bipropellant or solid-fuel ) for launch, though some ( such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne ) have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.

They were once used to directly drive mechanical devices such as ships ' propellers ( for example the Turbinia, the first turbine-powered steam launch ,) but most such applications now use reduction gears or an intermediate electrical step, where the turbine is used to generate electricity, which then powers an electric motor connected to the mechanical load.

* August 9 – Anglo-Powhatan Wars: The English launch a major attack on the Paspahegh village, capturing and executing the native queen and her children, burning houses and chopping down the corn fields ; the subsequent use of the term " Paspahegh " in documents refers to their former territory.

The lower performance of solid propellants ( as compared to liquids ) does not favor their use as primary propulsion in modern medium-to-large launch vehicles customarily used to orbit commercial satellites and launch major space probes.