where, and are nonterminal symbols, α is a terminal symbol ( a symbol that represents a constant value ), is the start symbol, and ε is the empty string.

The basic operation used is known as ' alpha blending ', where an opacity value, ' α ' is used to control the proportions of two input pixel values that end up a single output pixel.

* α, the opacity value of the foreground pixel.

If one chooses a critical value of the test statistic D < sub > α </ sub > such that P ( D < sub > n </ sub > > D < sub > α </ sub >)

The value of ' α ' determined at various dilutions of an electrolyte when substituted in Eq.

Strong electrolytes are almost completely ionized at all dilutions and Λ / Λ ∞ does not give accurate value of ' α '.

If c, h, and e were all changed so that the values they have in metric ( or any other ) units were different when we looked them up in our tables of physical constants, but the value of α remained the same, this new world would be observationally indistinguishable from our World.

where α, β, and γ are coordinates on the unit sphere S, and ω is the area element on S. This result has the interpretation that u ( t, x ) is t times the mean value of φ on a sphere of radius ct centered at x:

Choosing a value α close to 1 makes the weighted average immune to changes that last a short time ( e. g., a single segment that encounters long delay ).

Choosing a value for α close to 0 makes the weighted average respond to changes in delay very quickly.

Moreover, every irrational number α is the value of a unique infinite continued fraction, whose coefficients can be found using the non-terminating version of the Euclidean algorithm applied to the incommensurable values α and 1.

The current recommended value of α is

The 2010 CODATA recommended value of α is

While the value of α can be estimated from the values of the constants appearing in any of its definitions, the theory of quantum electrodynamics ( QED ) provides a way to measure α directly using the quantum Hall effect or the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron.

The most precise value of α obtained experimentally through the present is based on a new measurement of g using a one-electron so-called " quantum cyclotron " apparatus, together with a calculation via the theory of QED that involved 891 four-loop Feynman diagrams:

According to 2006 CODATA, the recommended value for α was 7. 2973525376 ( 50 ) x 10 < sup >− 3 </ sup > = 1 / 137. 035999679 ( 94 ).

In fact, α is one of the about 20 empirical parameters in the Standard Model of particle physics, whose value is not determined within the Standard Model.

The observed value of α is associated with the energy scale of the electron mass ; the electron is a lower bound for this energy scale because it ( and the positron ) is the lightest charged object whose quantum loops can contribute to the running.

More recently, improved technology has made it possible to probe the value of α at much larger distances and to a much greater accuracy.

They proposed using this effect to measure the value of α during the epoch before the formation of the first stars.

The collector surrounds the emitter region, making it almost impossible for the electrons injected into the base region to escape being collected, thus making the resulting value of α very close to unity, and so, giving the transistor a large β.

The style of life chosen by the beat generation, the rhythm and ritual they have adopted as uniquely their own, is designed to enhance the value of the sexual experience.

indeed, it is maintained that the sexual element in jazz, by freeing the listener of his inhibitions, can have therapeutic value.

As in experience one is seized by given entities and their interrelations and is forced to respond in value feelings to them, so one is similarly seized in the mimetic presentation of images.

Shakespeare's Shylock, too, is of dubious value in the modern world.

But what a super-Herculean task it is to winnow anything of value from the mud-beplastered arguments used so freely, particularly since such common use is made of cliches and stereotypes, in themselves declarations of intellectual bankruptcy.

In conformance with the maximization principle we affirm that Gentile-Jewish relations will be harmonious or inharmonious to the degree that one relation or the other is expected by the active participants to yield the greatest net advantage, taking all value outcomes and effects into consideration.

There is a second feature of the influences of literature, good literature, on emotional life which may have some special value for our time.

One of the most frequent views of the value of literature is the education of sensibility that it is thought to provide.

We find, in the first place, that the students overwhelmingly approve of higher education, positively evaluate the job their own institution is doing, do not accept most of the criticisms levelled against higher education in the public prints, and, on the whole, approve of the way their university deals with value-problems and value inculcation.

The religious quest is often intense and deep, and there are students on every campus who are seriously wrestling with the most profound questions of meaning and value.

He pontificates that `` one of the first signs of advancing civilization is the fall in the value of women in men's eyes ''.

Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington, this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment.

This problem of fair and equitable assessment of value is a difficult one to solve in that the determination of fair valuation is dependent on local assessors, who in general are non-professional and part-time personnel taking an individualistic approach to the problem.

It has been estimated that the value of boats in Rhode Island waters is something in excess of fifty million dollars, excluding commercial boats.

It is known that at least five towns ( Barrington, Bristol, Narragansett, Newport and Westerly ) place some value on some boats for tax purposes.

In the case of taxpaying corporate stockholders, the measure would be the lesser of the fair market value of the shares or Du Pont's tax basis for them, which is approximately $2.09 per share.

I therefore believe it is realistic to assume a modest drop in the total value of home entertainment electronics to about $1.8 million, slightly below 1960, but above 1959.

Either model is a very good dollar value.

The real question that follows is -- how are those four years used and what is their value as training??

This work gave a heat of formation of aluminum fluoride which closely substantiates a value which had been determined by a less direct method, and raises this property to 15 percent above that accepted a few years ago.

the observed value of F with the critical value of F determined from

The half-life of this decay was initially determined at 17 hours, which was close to the presently accepted value of 16. 02 h.

Such operands may be given as a constant value ( called an immediate value ), or as a place to locate a value: a register or a memory address, as determined by some addressing mode.

Archimedes ' principle provided the next link: coins could now be easily tested for their fine weight of metal, and thus the value of a coin could be determined, even if it had been shaved, debased or otherwise tampered with ( see Numismatics ).

The derivative of x is the constant function with value 1, and the derivative of f ( g ( x )) is determined by the chain rule.

Here the left-hand side represents the true difference between the value of g at a and at, whereas the right-hand side represents the approximation determined by the derivative plus an error term.

Say challenged Smith's labour theory of value, believing that prices were determined by utility and also emphasised the critical role of the entrepreneur in the economy.

This means that the value of the coin is decreed by government fiat ( law ), and thus is determined by the free market only inasmuch as national currencies are subjected to various types of foreign exchange markets in international trade.

However, because fiat money is backed by government guarantee of a certain amount of goods and services, where the value of this is in turn determined by free market currency exchange rates, similar to the case for the international market exchange values which determines the value of metals which back commodity money, in practice there is very little economic difference between the two types of money ( types of currencies ).

If the value of is not known a priori, it can be determined from two measurements of the solution.

The time for which a resolver caches a DNS response is determined by a value called the time to live ( TTL ) associated with every record.

When waves are added together, their sum is determined by the relative phases as well as the amplitudes of the individual waves so that the summed amplitude of the waves can have any value between zero and the sum of the individual amplitudes.

The self-diffusion coefficient of water has been experimentally determined with high accuracy and thus serves often as a reference value for measurements on other liquids.

The initial sound value of Ε was determined by the vowel occurring in the Phoenician letter name He, which made it a natural choice for being reinterpreted from a consonant symbol to a vowel symbol denoting an sound.

To illustrate how this leads to the violation of local realism, we need to show that after Alice's measurement of S < sub > z </ sub > ( or S < sub > x </ sub >), Bob's value of S < sub > z </ sub > ( or S < sub > x </ sub >) is uniquely determined, and therefore corresponds to an " element of physical reality ".

Fantasy sports are considered gambling and therefore illegal if the competition does not meet this rule: " prizes and awards offered to winning participants are established and made known to the participants in advance of the game or contest and their value is not determined by the number of participants or the amount of any fees paid by those participants.

On the basis of these three analyses the intrinsic value of the shares are determined.

The experimental value for the lattice energy can be determined using the Born-Haber cycle.

Adam Smith held that, in a primitive society, the amount of labor put into producing a good determined its exchange value, with exchange value meaning in this case the amount of labor a good can purchase.