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Page "Loss function" ¶ 12
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value and loss
It argued, inter alia, that a divestiture order would severely depress the market value of the stock of both General Motors and Du Pont, with consequent serious loss and hardship to hundreds of thousands of innocent investors, among them thousands of small trusts and charitable institutions ; ;
These losses depend on fiber diameter and length, absorption coefficient, the mean value of the loss per internal reflection and last, but not least, on the angular distribution of the incident light.
If a mutual is large, or is expected to grow if it can raise capital by a conversion, its managers derive more value from a conversion but do not suffer much loss of perks than if the bank were small.
This is likely to have exchange rate implications: a sharp loss of value in the deficit economy ’ s exchange rate with the surplus economy ’ s currency will change the relative price of tradable goods, and facilitate a return to balance or ( more likely ) an over-shooting into surplus the other direction.
It may be useful for the lawyers for the plaintiff and / or the defendant to employ forensic accountants or forensic economists to give evidence on the value of the loss.
Errors occur regularly in low probabilities due to random bit value flipping, or " physical bit fatigue ," loss of the physical bit in storage its ability to maintain distinguishable value ( 0 or 1 ), or due to errors in inter or intra-computer communication.
Errors occur regularly in low probabilities due to random bit value flipping, or " physical bit fatigue ," loss of the physical bit in storage its ability to maintain distinguishable value ( 0 or 1 ), or due to errors in inter or intra-computer communication.
While this may result in some loss of specificity, the remaining element value ( without the qualifier ) should continue to be generally correct and useful for discovery.
Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down Food spoilage, loss of quality, edibility or nutritional value and thus allow for longer food storage.
An example was dollarization in Ecuador, initiated in September 2000 in response to a 75 % loss of value of the Ecuadorian sucre in early 2000.
Of course, when a simple function is used to estimate data points from the original, interpolation errors are usually present ; however, depending on the problem domain and the interpolation method used, the gain in simplicity may be of greater value than the resultant loss in accuracy.
Thereafter an insurance company will collect historical loss data, bring the loss data to present value, and compare these prior losses to the premium collected in order to assess rate adequacy.
The GPL release of the Quake III engine's source code was moved from the end of 2004 to August 2005 as the engine was still being licensed to commercial customers who would otherwise be concerned over the sudden loss in value of their recent investment.
This drawback, however, does not produce significant loss of compression when the bitrate is already set at a high value for better quality ( as in the DVD mpeg2 format ).
If there is an additional magnitude of value or a loss of value after transformation compared with before then the relation between values ( proportional to labor ) and prices ( proportional to total capital advanced ) is incomplete.
For training example, the loss of predicting the value is.
The formula proposes calculation of ALE ( annualised loss expectancy ) and compares the expected loss value to the security control implementation costs ( cost-benefit analysis ).
The value attempts to balance the rate of gain in genetic variation due to mutation with the rate of loss due to genetic drift.
An enormous loss of life and property value came in 2005, when Hurricane Katrina flooded nearly the entire city of New Orleans.
Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy.

value and function
For it is clear that the total number of ordinary intersections of C and Af must be even ( otherwise, starting in the interior of C, Af could not finally return to the interior ), and the center of rotation at T is the argument of the function, not a value.
The objective function is some measure of the increase in value of the stream by processing ; ;
The policy may not be unique but the maximum value of P certainly is, and once the policy is specified this maximum can be calculated by ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) as a function of the feed state Af.
This will result in a value Af of the objective function, and when Af is chosen correctly this will give Af, the maximum of the objective function.
To extract the optimal R-stage policy with respect to the feed state Af, we enter section R of this table at the state Af and find immediately from the last column the maximum value of the objective function.
We cannot now speak of maximizing the value of the objective function, since this function is now known only in a probabilistic sense.
We thus have an optimal policy which maximizes the expected value of the objective function for a given Af.
The critical value of F is a function of the numerator
The graph of a function | graph of the absolute value function for real numbers
The b value compresses the graph of the function horizontally if greater than 1 and stretches the function horizontally if less than 1, and like a, reflects the function in the y-axis when it is negative.
If the function R is well-defined, its value must lie in the range, with 1 indicating perfect correlation and − 1 indicating perfect anti-correlation.
Essentially, the graphs of antiderivatives of a given function are vertical translations of each other ; each graph's location depending upon the value of C.
The function ƒ ( x ) may or may not be defined at a, and its precise value at the point x = a does not affect the asymptote.
Until modern times, precious metals such as gold or silver typically were used to retain the commodity nature of the store of value function of money.
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function ( CDF ), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.
* The extreme value theorem: a continuous real-valued function on a nonempty compact space is bounded above and attains its supremum.
The derivative of x is the constant function with value 1, and the derivative of f ( g ( x )) is determined by the chain rule.
Observe that the characteristic function is not differentiable at the origin: this corresponds to the fact that the Cauchy distribution does not have an expected value.
The thermal response of the calorimetric material is fully described by its pressure as the value of its constitutive function of just the volume and the temperature.

value and itself
Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington, this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment.
If she chose, and in that final decision discarded, what, above all, all of us value, life itself, must she not have risen to her fullest height, and transcending her murky self, felt at last the passion of a great moral decision??
For the specific heats at least, the limiting value itself is definitely zero, as borne out by experiments to below 10 K. Even the less detailed Einstein model shows this curious drop in specific heats.
In 2006, an internal review of costs and realisable value on investment led Ford to consider divesting itself of parts of its Premier Automotive Group.
If X is a Banach space and K is the underlying field ( either the real or the complex numbers ), then K is itself a Banach space ( using the absolute value as norm ) and we can define the continuous dual space as X ′ = B ( X, K ), the space of continuous linear maps into K.
The population value of bees depends partly on the individual efficiency of the bees, but also on the population itself.
Beyond its general economic and political stability, the government has also encouraged the use of Chile as an " investment platform " for multinational corporations planning to operate in the region, but this will have limited value given the developing business climate in Chile itself.
These factors led to the shift of the store of value being the metal itself: at first silver, then both silver and gold, at one point there was bronze as well.
The ethical standing of wider forms of supposedly “ altruistic ” specific coercion – like political and thought coercion – is however much more controversial, along lines relating to the assumed relationship between coercion and freedom, which is often regarded as an ethical value in itself.
Since the value of this energy depends on the shapes and positions of the conductors and dielectrics, the Casimir effect manifests itself as a force between such objects.
Business value can be returned as quickly as the first data marts can be created, and the method gives itself well to an exploratory and iterative approach to building data warehouses.
The value of the MINIMUM field of the SOA record and the TTL of the SOA itself is used to establish the TTL for the negative answer.
The value may not be expected in the ordinary sense — the " expected value " itself may be unlikely or even impossible ( such as having 2. 5 children ), just like the sample mean.
Although it had a high symbolical value, something like " elevated " or " sublime ", it was generally not used to indicate the office of Emperor itself.
Gematria or gimatria ( ) is a system of assigning numerical value to a word or phrase, in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other, or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to a person's age, the calendar year, or the like.
If the datum to be hashed is small enough, one can use the datum itself ( reinterpreted as an integer in binary notation ) as the hashed value.
Where a hedge fund holds assets that are hard to value reliably or are relatively illiquid ( in comparison to the redemption terms of the fund itself ), the fund may employ a " side pocket ".
This was a key reform reducing the power of corrupt imperial officials, as the unpaid taxes on land were often hard to calculate or higher than the value of the land itself.
Labour measures the value not only of that part of price which resolves itself into labour, but of that which resolves itself into rent, and of that which resolves itself into profit.
Originally, library advocacy was centred on the library itself, but current trends show libraries positioning themselves to demonstrate they provide " economic value to the community.
" Wilde added that " upon the other hand, Socialism itself will be of value simply because it will lead to individualism " since individuals will no longer need to fear poverty or starvation.
That is, a statement such as ( i. e. the assignment of the result of an expression to a variable ) clearly calls for the expression to be evaluated and the result placed in, but what actually is in is irrelevant until there is a need for its value via a reference to in some later expression whose evaluation could itself be deferred, though eventually the rapidly growing tree of dependencies would be pruned to produce some symbol rather than another for the outside world to see.

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