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The variable costs alone are assigned to the different units of freight traffic as representing `` long-run out-of-pocket costs '' -- a term with a meaning here not distinctly different from that of the economist's `` long-run marginal costs ''.
from
Brown Corpus
Some Related Sentences
variable and costs
The Cost Section distinguishes between ( directly ) variable costs and constant costs in a manner noted in the preceding chapter.
Instead, all of the total costs are treated as variable costs, although these costs are divided into costs that are deemed to be functions of different variables.
Moreover, whereas in Interstate Commerce Commission parlance `` variable cost '' means a cost deemed to vary in direct proportion to changes in rate of output, in the type of analysis now under review `` variable cost '' has been used more broadly, so as to cover costs which, while a function of some one variable ( such as output of energy, or number of customers ), are not necessarily a linear function.
Where economies of scale refer to a firm's costs, returns to scale describe the relationship between inputs and outputs in a long-run ( all inputs variable ) production function.
Operating costs include salaries ( for fixed and variable labor ), utilities, maintenance, taxes / insurance, cobalt-60 replenishment, general utilities, and miscellaneous operating costs.
A company will shut down if price falls below minimum average variable costs.
As such business has no variable costs, it is hard to detect revenues-costs discrepancies.
The shutdown rule states " in the short run a firm should continue to operate if price exceeds average variable costs.
" Restated, the rule is that for a firm to continue producing in the short run it must earn sufficient revenue to cover its variable costs.
By shutting down a firm avoids all variable costs.
Thus in determining whether to shut down a firm should compare total revenue to total variable costs ( VC ) rather than total costs ( FC + VC ).
If the revenue the firm is receiving is greater than its total variable cost ( R > VC ) then the firm is covering all variable cost plus there is additional revenue (" contribution "), which can be applied to fixed costs.
The rule is conventionally stated in terms of price ( average revenue ) and average variable costs.
variable and alone
Detection of trypanosome-specific antibodies can be used for diagnosis, but the sensitivity and specificity of these methods are too variable to be used alone for clinical diagnosis.
Furthermore, it is so acutely variable within the group that genera and even species can be identified by the syrinx alone, unlike birds of most oscine families.
Because the operator L = L ( x ) is linear and acts on the variable x alone ( not on the variable of integration s ), we can take the operator L outside of the integration on the right hand side, obtaining ;
The annual rainfall, more than half of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable.
Therefore the use of " volatile " alone is not sufficient to use a variable for inter-thread communication on all systems and processors.
After a variable introduction the Lord's Prayer was said by the celebrant alone, with everyone else responding " Amen " to each petition, except for the petition for daily bread, for which the response is " For you are God " and everyone concluding the final petition, " but deliver us from evil " with the celebrant.
However, age of onset and extent of joint laxity are variable in Marfan syndrome, and joint laxity may be confined to the hands alone, as in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV.
The annual rainfall, more than half of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable.
variable and are
they are no longer a puzzling aspect of intricately variable, local planetary motions.
Three different wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation are selected by the variable filters placed in front of the three mercury xenon lights which serve as the ultraviolet sources.
Rental fees are variable, too, throughout the countries of Europe.
The number of successes on each shot is a value of a random variable that has values 0 or 1, and there are 5 such random variables here.
Profile cutting machines are available which can split foam to any desired thickness and produce sine, triangle, trapezoid, and other profiles in variable heights, dimensions, etc..
; Fixed effect: An effect associated with an input variable that has a limited number of levels or in which only a limited number of levels are of interest to the experimenter.
Their leaves are of variable size and alternately arranged, or alternate with the upper leaves becoming nearly opposite.
Atomic semantics are defined for a variable with a single writer but multiple readers.
semantics are very strong: they guarantee that the read and write operations to the variable behave exactly as if they happened instantaneously in some point in time which is within the actual time where the operation took place.
AAL2 through AAL4 are used for variable bit rate ( VBR ) services, and AAL5 for data.
They state that response to any given antipsychotic can be variable so that trials may be necessary, and that lower doses are to be preferred where possible.
Temperatures within a given winter are highly variable as well ; extended cold snaps of forty below zero can be followed by unseasonable warmth with temperatures above freezing due to chinook wind effects.
Instruments of this kind do not respond to light winds, are inaccurate for high wind readings, and are slow at responding to variable winds.
The compositions of these early " brass " objects are very variable and most have zinc contents of between 5 % and 15 % wt which is lower than in brass produced by cementation.
Rainfall can be quite variable, but the wettest months on average are September to November and the driest months on average are February and March.
Rainfall can be quite variable, but the wettest months on average are September to November and the driest months on average are February and March.
variable and assigned
Applesoft converted integer numbers to real before performing operations on them, converting the result back to an integer only if it was to be assigned to a ( 16-bit signed ) integer variable.
For instance, " LOW " and " LOSS " would be treated as the same variable, and attempting to assign a value to " LOSS " would overwrite any value assigned to " LOW.
If the heuristic can't find the correct setting, the variable is assigned randomly.
Consequently, each circuit element is assigned a current variable with an arbitrarily chosen reference direction.
* Granularity: When a continuously variable analog value is represented in digital form there is always a decision as to the number of symbols to be assigned to that value.
The meaning of the probabilities assigned to the potential values of a random variable is not part of probability theory itself, but instead related to philosophical arguments over the interpretation of probability.
A relvar is a named variable of some specific relation type, to which at all times some relation of that type is assigned, though the relation may contain zero tuples.
For instance, the C expression changes the value assigned to the variable.
A variable is assigned a value via the ':=' syntax.
Among other things, the result of the message can be assigned to a variable:
For example, Java will not allow you to declare a variable as an int and then assign it a float or double value, while C and C ++ will automatically truncate any floats assigned to an int.
Most newly discovered variable stars will initially be assigned only a catalog designation by their discovers, hence the " names " OT J155631. 0-080440 and SDSS J110014. 72 + 131552. 1 for two recently-discovered objects.
As with all other categories of astronomical objects the task of assigning names to variable stars is assigned to the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ).
; Loop reversal: Loop reversal reverses the order in which values are assigned to the index variable.
; Alias classification and pointer analysis: in the presence of pointers, it is difficult to make any optimizations at all, since potentially any variable can have been changed when a memory location is assigned to.
These optimizations are intended to be done after transforming the program into a special form called static single assignment ( see SSA form ), in which every variable is assigned in only one place.
R: Numeric input assigned to numeric variable " Q "
The first match string ( if any ) that is a substring of the accept buffer is assigned to the special variable $ MATCH.
The closure returned by can be assigned to a variable:
Royal decree also institutes the ministries ( Article 44 ), which have tended to be very variable in number and scope, and non-departmental ministers ( Subarticle 2 ), who officially have no ministry but whom in fact is assigned the necessary personnel and who sign and are responsible for a partial budget.
In probability theory, de Finetti's theorem explains why exchangeable observations are conditionally independent given some latent variable to which an epistemic probability distribution would then be assigned.
At each step, a variable is chosen, and all possible values are assigned to it in turn.
Objects are never created implicitly but instead are always passed or assigned by a reference variable.
In this model, a single dummy is assigned to each qualitative variable, and each variable has 2 categories included in it.
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