The Attic vase-painters showed the draped torso of Nereus issuing from a long coiling scaly fishlike tail.

However, in the account of Attic vase-painters, Hephaestus was present at the birth of Athena and wields the axe with which he split Zeus ' head to free her.

Although some scenes from the Odyssey remained favorites of the vase-painters, notably the visually dramatic episode of Polyphemus, the Circe episode was rarely depicted.

An independent Pandora tradition that does not square with any of the literary sources is the tradition in the visual repertory of Attic red-figure vase-painters, which sometimes supplements, sometimes ignores, the written testimony ; in these representations the upper part of Pandora is visible rising from the earth, " a chthonic goddess like Gaia herself.

She draws comparisons with Thetis ' role in another work of the epic Cycle concerning Troy, the lost Aethiopis, which presents a strikingly similar relationship — that of the divine Dawn, Eos, with her slain son Memnon ; she supplements the parallels with images from the repertory of archaic vase-painters, where Eros and Thetis flank the symmetrically opposed heroes with a theme that may have been derived from traditional epic songs.

Some of the Attic vase-painters retained an archaic tradition that the tassels had originally been serpents in their representations of the aegis.

During the course of the 5th century BC, Nereus was gradually replaced by Triton, who does not appear in Homer, in the imagery of the struggle between Heracles and the sea-god who had to be restrained in order to deliver his information that was employed by the vase-painters, independent of any literary testimony.

Jane Ellen Harrison turned to the repertory of vase-painters to shed light on aspects of myth that were left unaddressed or disguised in literature.

Other, non-literary traditions guided the vase-painters, and a localized, chthonic presence of Medea was propitiated with unrecorded emotional overtones at Corinth, at the sanctuary devoted to her slain children, or locally venerated elsewhere as a foundress of cities.

Where the written sources fail, through accidents of history, sometimes the vase-painters preserve the continuity of a mythic tradition.

In iconic representations the Gigantomachy was a favorite theme of the Greek vase-painters of the 5th century BC.

The subject of Niobe and the destruction of the Niobids was part of the repertory of Attic vase-painters and inspired sculpture groups and wall frescoes as well as relief carvings on Roman sarcophagi.

Heracles used it to reach Erytheia, a favorite motif of the vase-painters.

In Greek mythology, Isocrates, in his witty declamation Busiris recounts " the false tale of Heracles and Busiris " ( 11. 30 – 11. 40 ), which was a comic subject represented almost entirely in the repertory of early 5th century BC Athenian vase-painters: the theme has a narrow narrative range, according to Niall Livingstone: Heracles being led to sacrifice ; his escape ; the killing of Busiris ; the rout of his entourage.

Having successfully caught the Boar, Heracles bound it and carried it back to Eurystheus, who was frightened of it and ducked down in his half-buried storage pithos, begging Heracles to get rid of the beast, a favorite subject for the vase-painters.

The Battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs was a familiar symposium theme for the vase-painters.

In Greek mythology, the Lernaean Hydra () was an ancient nameless serpent-like chthonic water beast, with reptilian traits, ( as its name evinces ) that possessed many heads — the poets mention more heads than the vase-painters could paint, and for each head cut off it grew two more — and poisonous breath so virulent even her tracks were deadly.

An autonomous tradition, one that did not rely on the written word, was represented in the visual repertory of the Greek vase-painters.

Two vase-painters employed the motif so consistently they are given the pseudonyms the Bellerophon Painter and the Chimaera Painter.

While ancient Greek vase-painters and relief carvers imagined Medusa and her sisters as beings born of monstrous form, sculptors and vase-painters of the fifth century began to envisage her as being beautiful as well as terrifying.

The Morellian technique of connoisseurship was extended to the study of Attic vase-painters by J. D.

In 621 BC a scribe named Draco codified the cruel oral laws of the city-state of Athens ; this code prescribed the death penalty for many offences ( nowadays very severe rules are often called " Draconian ").

It is easily accessible from Athens within a day trip, and is often combined with the winter sports facilities available on Mount Parnassus, as well as the beaches and summer sports facilities of the nearby coast of Phocis.

Community-oriented squats often organize music gigs or movie screenings, usually announced on Athens Indymedia or Kinimatorama. net in addition to the squat's blog.

The author, often called in English the " Old Oligarch ", detests the democracy of Athens and the poorer classes, but he argues that the Periclean institutions are well designed for their deplorable purposes.

* Many of Athens ' former allies are now ruled by boards of ten ( decarchy ), often reinforced with garrisons under a Spartan commander ( Harmost ).

Sparta is often portrayed as being unique in this matter, however there is considerable evidence that the killing of unwanted children was practiced in other Greek regions, including Athens.

In Athens, there was a temple specifically dedicated to that god and very often Athenians would swear " in the name of the Unknown god " ( Ne ton Agnoston ).

Due to the importance of such skills in the litigious social life of Athens, practitioners often commanded very high fees.

Many of Athens ' former allies were now ruled by boards of ten ( decarchy ), often reinforced with garrisons under a Spartan commander ( harmost ).

The Archaic period is often taken to end with the overthrow of the last tyrant of Athens in 510 BC.

Later in the Classical period, the leagues would become fewer and larger, be dominated by one city ( particularly Athens, Sparta and Thebes ); and often poleis would be compelled to join under threat of war ( or as part of a peace treaty ).

Initially many Greek city-states seem to have been petty kingdoms ; there was often a city official carrying some residual, ceremonial functions of the king ( basileus ), e. g. the archon basileus in Athens.

But Tissaphernes was unwilling to take action and tried to achieve his aim by astute and often perfidious negotiations ; Alcibiades persuaded him that Persia's best policy was to keep the balance between Athens and Sparta, and rivalry with his neighbour Pharnabazus of Hellespontic Phrygia still further lessened his energy.

Since then city often dubbed the " Siberian Athens " for its unique spirit.

In modern historiography " polis " is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, so polis is often translated as " city-state.

The ancient Greeks didn't always refer to Athens, Sparta, Thebes and other poleis as such ; they often spoke instead of the Athenians, Lacedaemonians, Thebans and so on.

Around 392 BC he set up his own school of rhetoric, because at the time Athens had no set curriculum for higher education ( sophist teachers often travelled ), and proved to be not only an influential teacher, but a shrewd businessman.

Aristotle is often portrayed as disagreeing with his teacher, Plato, and is represented as such in Raphael's School of Athens.

In Chicago, Telly often met with Illinois State Senators Steven G. Nash and Samuel Maragos, also Greeks, as well as Greek millionaire Simeon Frangos, who owned the famous Athens North nightclub and the Flying Carpet Hotel near O ' Hare airport.

Erechtheus was mentioned in Homer's Iliad as a great king and ruler of Athens during the Archaic Period, and Erechtheus and the hero Erichthonius were often syncretized.

In a more general sense, the term " piano concerto " could extend to the numerous often programmatic concerted works for piano and orchestra from the era – Beethoven's Choral Fantasy, Liszt's Totentanz and Ruins of Athens Variations, and Richard Strauss's Burleske are only a few of the hundreds of such works.

Most sea-traffic from Athens, Istanbul, and the Black Sea to the central and western Mediterranean passes through the straits and are often subject to strong winds and shipwreck on Cape Malea.

By early 1990, numerous other stations also appeared on the air, including New Channel ( no relation to Nea Tileorasi ) with movies, music videos and talk shows, Channel Seven-X ( with avant-garde programming including foreign films, intellectual programming and a simulcast of French music network MCM ), Jeronimo Groovy TV ( initially a popular music video station that broadcast in Athens, amidst serious interference from other stations ), TeleCity ( a right-wing political television station with news and talk shows ), 902 TV ( owned by the Communist Party of Greece ), Kanali 29 ( a television station with political and cultural programs and a cult following ), and a plethora of other broadcasters, which filled every available VHF and UHF frequency, often broadcasting only for several weeks or months, or with very little programming of note.

The local Greeks called the dukes " Megas Kyris " (, " Great Lord "), from which the shortened form " Megaskyr ", often used even by the Franks to refer to the Duke of Athens, is derived.