Perhaps the view for which the logical positivists are best known is the verifiability criterion of meaning, or verificationism.

The verifiability criterion was seen as being too strong.

In it he argued that the positivists ' criterion of verifiability was too strong a criterion for science, and should be replaced by a criterion of falsifiability.

The emergence of logical positivism and its verifiability criterion of meaning early in the 20th century led some philosophers to conclude that ethical statements, being incapable of empirical verification, were cognitively meaningless.

Postivism has however collapsed over the second half of the twentieth century since its own verifiability criterion is destructive to science itself.

Thus for the pragmatist, verifiability as an operational definition ( or test ) of the empirical meaning of a statement requires that the speaker know how to apply the statement, and when not to apply it, and be able to trace the consequences of the statement in situations both real and hypothetical.

Logical positivism held that only statements about empirical observations and formal logical propositions are meaningful, and that statements which are not derived in this manner ( including religious and metaphysical statements ) are by nature meaningless ( see the verifiability theory of meaning also known as verificationism ).

However, several outlets were criticised as they did not check for the reliability and verifiability of the information.

After becoming an independent non-profit organization in November 2000, EPIC has continued to work on governmental issues: surveillance ; transparency, using the Freedom of Information Act to publicize documents ; and the security, verifiability, and privacy of electronic voting.

Individual verifiability allows a voter can check that her own vote is included in the election outcome, universal verifiability allows voters or election observers to check that the election outcome corresponds to the votes cast, and eligibility verifiability allows voters and observers to check that each vote in the election outcome was cast by a uniquely registered voter.

The prime issue was the lack of verifiability by the absence of an audit mechanism or verified paper trail.

" The scientific principle of replication of findings by investigators other than those that first reported the phenomenon is simply a more highly structured form of the universal principle of intersubjective verifiability.

Key tenets of logical positivism, including its atomistic philosophy of science, the verifiability principle, and the fact-value distinction, came under attack after the Second World War by philosophers such as Nelson Goodman, Quine, J. L. Austin, and Peter Strawson.

He advanced falsification in lieu of the logical positivist idea of verifiability.

However, UCLA historian J. Arch Getty, whose specialty is Russia, writing in the American Historical Review, raised questions about the trustworthiness and verifiability of Mitrokhin's material about the Soviet Union, doubting whether this " self-described loner with increasingly anti-Soviet views " would have had the opportunity to " transcribe thousands of documents, smuggle them out of KGB premises ", etc.

The usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability, that is whether it can be proven to correspond to experience.

for instance intersubjective verifiability ).

The + on 18 denotes that the Kepler conjecture solution is a computer-assisted proof, a notion anachronistic for a Hilbert problem and to some extent controversial because of its lack of verifiability by a human reader in a reasonable time.

Intersubjective verifiability is the capacity of a concept to be readily and accurately communicated between different individuals (" intersubjectively "), and to be reproduced under varying circumstances for the purposes of verification.

Responding to this apparent overlap between cutting edge science and mystical experience, in recent years, there have been overt efforts to formulate religious belief systems that are built on truth claims based upon intersubjective verifiability, e. g. Anthroposophy, Yoism.

Although there are areas of belief that do not consistently employ intersubjective verifiability ( e. g., many religious claims ), intersubjective verifiability is a near-universal way of arbitrating truth claims used by people everywhere.

This field saw many optimizations on classic ad-hoc and delay-tolerant networking algorithms and began to examine factors such as security, reliability, verifiability, and other areas of research that are well understood in traditional computer networking.

The term lacks both measurability and verifiability, and it is applied to a broad range of SUV sizes and types.

Moral hazard can be divided into two types when it involves asymmetric information ( or lack of verifiability ) of the outcome of a random event.

Scientific skeptics attempt to evaluate claims based on verifiability and falsifiability and discourage accepting claims on faith or anecdotal evidence.

The concept of election verifiability through cryptographic solutions has emerged in the academic literature to introduce transparency and trust in electronic voting systems.

Three aspects of verifiability are considered: individual, universal, and eligibility.

They must rely on more speculation to fill in evidence gaps than would be acceptable in another context that provided more rigorous verifiability of the records available.

Being run by private organizations, they are not subject to public oversight or verifiability.

" He also extended his pragmatic theory well beyond the scope of scientific verifiability, and even into the realm of the mystical: " On pragmatic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, then it is ' true.

The doctrines included the opposition to all metaphysics, especially ontology and synthetic a priori propositions ; the rejection of metaphysics not as wrong but as having no meaning ; a criterion of meaning based on Ludwig Wittgenstein's early work ; the idea that all knowledge should be codifiable by a single standard language of science ; and above all the project of rational reconstruction, in which ordinary-language concepts were gradually to be replaced by more precise equivalents in that standard language.

* according to similarities in their meaning ( semantic criterion ),

However, like infants ( Latin infans meaning " unable to speak "), non-human animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain ; thus the defining criterion for pain in humans cannot be applied to them.

Renormalization, the need to attach a physical meaning at certain divergences appearing in the theory through integrals, has subsequently become one of the fundamental aspects of quantum field theory and has come to be seen as a criterion for a theory's general acceptability.

The Romans also supported humane treatment of the mentally ill, and to support such codified into law the principle of insanity as a mitigation of responsibility for criminal acts, although the criterion for insanity was sharply set as the defendant had to be found " non compos mentis ", a term meaning with " no power of mind ".

They assert that no empirical relation between x and y can completely explain the meaning of " x is the principle of y ", because there is something that cannot be grasped by means of the experience, something for which no empirical criterion can be specified.

It is the lacking of any empirical criterion — says Carnap — that deprives of meaning the word ' principle ' when it occurs in metaphysics.

Per the original meaning as coined by Ruskin, it is used pejoratively, although not limited by Ruskin ’ s criterion of pathos, it nonetheless revives the sense of an informal fallacy — to encourage literal communication in science, and to discourage figures of speech, that might convey an unintended false impression.

Human activity is, in a pragmatic sense, the criterion of truth, and through human activity meaning is made.

The term hematocrit ( Greek αιματοκριτης, rendered in English as hematocrit ) comes from the Greek words hema ( Greek αιμα, meaning " blood ") and criterion ( Greek κριτηριον ).

He regarded the first of these factors as by far the more important and held that the major intrinsic goods of human experience answer to the basic drives of human nature ; he maintained that these two factors together provide not merely a criterion for but the actual meaning of intrinsic goodness.

The second DSPD criterion is that the individual suffers from a ' severe personality disorder ', meaning that he or she has:

Released documents could be reclassified as long as they could be reasonably recovered ( meaning that documents available to the public at large would not meet this criterion ).

The significant criterion was the concept of the gente de razón, a term literally meaning " people of reason ".

With Germain Grisez he discussed the question of the infallibility of the Catholic Church's teaching on artificial contraception ; with Adrian Gariuit, O. F. M., he argued the question of " dissent " within the Church ; with Lawrence J. Welch, he engaged in a long conversation in theological journals about consensus among theologians as a criterion by which it could be determined whether a doctrine was taught universally by the Church ; and with Karl Becker, S. J., he has debated the meaning of what the Second Vatican Council meant by saying that the Church of Christ " subsisted in " the Roman Catholic Church.