In the system shown in Fig. 7-1, the accelerometer output is amplified and the resulting voltage is applied to the gyro output-axis torquer.

The voltage Af is amplified by Af and applied to the gyro torquer with scale factor Af.

When a positive voltage is applied to anode of the diode from the circuit, more holes are able to be transferred to the depleted region, and this causes the diode to become conductive, allowing current to flow through the circuit.

The terms anode and cathode should not be applied to a Zener diode, since it allows flow in either direction, depending on the polarity of the applied potential ( i. e. voltage ).

A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill gas.

A pulsed high voltage source ( typically 1-2 kV ) is generated and applied to the specimen, with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kilohertz range.

If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode ( the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply ).

The voltage applied between the electrodes accelerates these low mass particles to high velocities.

The current in a beam of cathode rays through a tube can be controlled by passing it through a metal screen of wires ( a grid ) to which a small voltage is applied.

High speed beams of cathode rays can also be steered and manipulated by electric fields created by additional metal plates in the tube to which voltage is applied, or magnetic fields created by coils of wire ( electromagnets ).

Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs ( e. g., voltage applied to an electric motor ) have an effect on the process outputs ( e. g., speed or torque of the motor ), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ; the result ( the control signal ) is " fed back " as input to the process, closing the loop.

The source of Einstein's proposal that light was composed of particles ( or could act as particles in some circumstances ) was an experimental anomaly not explained by the wave theory was the photoelectric effect, by which light striking a metal surface ejected electrons from the surface, causing an electric current to flow across an applied voltage.

If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction.

In other words, although the voltage applied is thermodynamically sufficient to drive electrolysis, the rate is so slow that to make the process proceed in a reasonable time frame, the voltage of the external source has to be increased ( hence, overvoltage ).

In negative resistance oscillators, a resonant circuit, such as an LC circuit, crystal, or cavity resonator, is connected across a device with negative differential resistance, and a DC bias voltage is applied to supply energy.

The exact choice of quiescent current, the standing current through both devices when there is no signal, makes a large difference to the level of distortion ( and to the risk of thermal runaway, that may damage the devices ); often the bias voltage applied to set this quiescent current has to be adjusted with the temperature of the output transistors ( for example in the circuit at the beginning of the article the diodes would be mounted physically close to the output transistors, and chosen to have a matched temperature coefficient ).

In neuroscience, an F wave is the second of two voltage changes observed after electrical stimulation is applied to the skin surface above the distal region of a nerve.

Electrons flow from the source terminal towards the drain terminal if influenced by an applied voltage.

The FET controls the flow of electrons ( or electron holes ) from the source to drain by affecting the size and shape of a " conductive channel " created and influenced by voltage ( or lack of voltage ) applied across the gate and source terminals.

The dependence of the arc voltage upon the mass flow velocity of the transpirating gas was investigated for various arc lengths and currents between 100 Amp and 200 Aj.

Its purpose was to allow voltage levels to stabilise in older televisions, preventing interference between picture lines.

A simple electric circuit, where current is represented by the letter i. The relationship between the voltage ( V ), resistance ( R ), and current ( I ) is V = IR ; this is known as Ohm's Law.

With no obstructions, these low mass particles were accelerated to high velocities by the voltage between the electrodes.

On the other hand, in measurements of electromagnetic phenomena ( involving units of charge, electric and magnetic fields, voltage, and so on ), converting between CGS and SI is much more subtle and involved.

Multilayer coils have the problem of interlayer capacitance, so when multiple layers are needed the shape needs to be radically changed to a short coil with many layers so that the voltage between consecutive layers is smaller ( making them more spiral like ).

When the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the ends of the conductor.

The electrolysis starts with the application of an external voltage between the electrodes.

Each reaction is undergoing an equilibrium reaction between different oxidation states of the ions: when equilibrium is reached, the cell cannot provide further voltage.

The difference in voltage between electrode potentials gives a prediction for the potential measured.

Analog computers take advantage of the strong similarities between the mathematics of small-scale properties — the position and motion of wheels or the voltage and current of electronic components — and the mathematics of other physical phenomena, for example, ballistic trajectories, inertia, resonance, energy transfer, momentum, and so forth.

Zero current output voltage is midway between the supply voltages that maintain a 4 to 8 Volt differential.

The relationship between the time-varying voltage v ( t ) across an inductor with inductance L and the time-varying current i ( t ) passing through it is described by the differential equation:

However if the region of air breakdown extends to another conductor at a different voltage it will create a conductive path between them, and a large current will flow through the air, creating an " electric arc ".

Motherboards lacking support for the 3. 3V CPUs can sometimes make use of them using a voltage regulator ( VRM ) that fits between the socket and the CPU.

The corona discharge between the object and the high voltage plate is captured by the film.

Because of this, these devices are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage ( the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state ).

When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals remain perpendicular to the substrate creating a black display between crossed polarizers.

The latency is the delay between the executable instruction commanding the transition and the hardware actually transitioning the voltage from high to low or low to high.

Several other experiments followed, with André-Marie Ampère, who in 1820 discovered that the magnetic field circulating in a closed-path was related to the current flowing through the perimeter of the path ; Carl Friedrich Gauss ; Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart, both of which in 1820 came up with the Biot-Savart Law giving an equation for the magnetic field from a current-carrying wire ; Michael Faraday, who in 1831 found that a time-varying magnetic flux through a loop of wire induced a voltage, and others finding further links between magnetism and electricity.

Their flow, again, may be viewed as arising from the geometry of the magnetic field ( rather than from any driving voltage ), a consequence of " Ampére's law " ( embodied in Maxwell's equations ) which in this case requires an electric current to flow along any interface between magnetic fields of different directions and / or intensities. The circuit of tail currents

The turns ratio between the primary and secondary coil is selected so that the voltage across the secondary reaches a very high value, enough to arc across the gap of the spark plug.