The term waldzither came into use around 1900, in order to distinguish citterns from zithers.

The cittern family survives into the present day in the German ' waldzither ', the Corsican Cetara, Spanish Bandurria and Laúd, as well as the Portuguese guitar, the descendant of English instruments brought into Portugal in the 18th century.

Alabama () is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.

Altruism () is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others.

Alaska () is the largest state in the United States by area.

Aquarius () is a constellation of the zodiac, situated between Capricornus and Pisces.

In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur ' an, Aaron ( or ; Ahărōn, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint ): Ααρών ), who is often called "' Aaron the Priest "' () and once Aaron the Levite () ( Exodus 4: 14 ), was the older brother of Moses, ( Exodus 6: 16-20, 7: 7 ; Qur ' an 28: 34 ) and a prophet of God.

Achill Island () in County Mayo is the largest island off the coast of Ireland, and is situated off the west coast.

An abscess () is a collection of pus ( dead neutrophils ) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue in which the pus resides due to an infectious process ( usually caused by bacteria or parasites ) or other foreign materials ( e. g., splinters, bullet wounds, or injecting needles ).

Adelaide () is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia.

The name Rijndael () is a play on the names of the two inventors.

Anisotropy () is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which implies identical properties in all directions.

The word is originally Greek () and means " those hidden away ".

Abensberg () is a town in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, in Bavaria, Germany, lying around 30 km southwest of Regensburg, 40 km east of Ingolstadt, 50 northwest of Landshut and 100 km north of Munich.

The Annales School () is a group of historians associated with a style of historiography developed by French historians in the 20th century.

Casa Batlló () is a building restored by Antoni Gaudí and Josep Maria Jujol, built in 1877 and remodelled in the years 1904 – 1906 ; located at 43, Passeig de Gràcia ( passeig is Catalan for promenade or avenue ), part of the Illa de la Discòrdia ( the " Block of Discord ") in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Spain.

Anadyr () is a river in the far northeast Siberia which flows into Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

In ancient Greek mythology, ambrosia () is sometimes the food or drink of the Greek gods ( or demigods ), often depicted as conferring ageless immortality upon whomever consumed it.

Agate () is a microcrystalline variety of silica, chiefly chalcedony, characterised by its fineness of grain and brightness of color.

Dau Miu () is a Chinese vegetable that has become popular since the early 1990s, and now not only appears on English-language menus, usually as " pea shoots ", but is often served by upscale non-Asian restaurants as well.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

Alexander () is a common male first name, and less common surname derived from the Greek " Αλέξανδρος " ( Aléxandros ).

An antipope () or anti-pope is a person who, in opposition to the one who is generally seen as the legitimately elected Pope, makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church.

Modern reconstruction of a Vielle depicted in a painting by Hans MemlingThe vielle () is a European bowed stringed instrument used in the Medieval period, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, five ( rather than four ) gut strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs.

The morin khuur () is a traditional Mongolian bowed stringed instrument.

A mandolin () is a musical instrument in the lute family ( plucked, or strummed ).

The oboe () is a soprano-ranged, double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family made from a wooden tube roughly 60 cm long, with metal keys, a conical bore and flared bell.

A pitot () tube is a pressure measurement instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity.

Bowed instruments may have originated in the equestrian cultures of Central Asia, an example being the Kobyz () or kyl-kobyz is an ancient Turkic, Kazakh string instrument or Mongolian instrument Morin huur:

The marimba () is a musical instrument in the percussion family.

* Mary Hallock-Greenewalt invented a type of nonlinear rheostat for use in her visual-music instrument, the Sarabet () < sub >/ dead link-need update /</ sub >

The güiro () is a Latin-American percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side.

The ocarina () is an ancient flute-like wind instrument.

In the music of Greece the name baglamas () is given to a treble bouzouki, a related instrument.

A theodolite () is a precision instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes.

The heckelphone () is a musical instrument invented by Wilhelm Heckel and his sons.

Gusli () is the oldest Russian multi-string plucked instrument.

The gadulka () is a traditional Bulgarian bowed string instrument.

Bandura () refers to a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument.

Kamancheh ( kamānche or kamāncha ) () is a Persian bowed string instrument related to the bowed rebab, the historical ancestor of the kamancheh and also to the bowed lira of the Byzantine Empire, ancestor of the European violin family.

The ganzá () is a Brazilian rattle used as a percussion instrument, especially in samba music.

A glock-guitar () is a percussion instrument in the idiophone instrument family.

In Arabic music, a mizmar () is any single or double reed wind instrument.

A Tensiometer as it applies to physics is an instrument used to measure the surface tension () of liquids.

The pandeiro () is a type of hand frame drum popular in Brazil, and which has been described as an unofficial instrument of that nation.

A marímbula () is a folk musical instrument of the Caribbean Islands ( not to be confused with a marimba ).