I think it is essential, however, to pinpoint here the difference between the two concepts of sovereignty that went to war in 1861 -- if only to see better how imperative is our need today to clarify completely our far worse confusion on this subject.

One is tempted to say that, on the difference between the concepts of sovereignty in these two preambles, the worst war of the Nineteenth century was fought.

This almost trivial example is nevertheless suggestive, for there are some elements in common between the antique fear that the days would get shorter and shorter and our present fear of war.

On the glass partition between me and the driver were three signs: one asked for help for the blind, another help for orphans, and the third for relief for the war refugees.

Captain Heard did not communicate with any strange vessels because of the possibility of war between the United States and Britain.

Another controversy typical of the war between the Englishman and the Examiner centered on Robert ( later Viscount ) Molesworth, a Whig leader in Ireland and a member of the Irish Privy Council.

In spite of the armistice negotiated by Amadee two years earlier, the war between Bishop Guillaume of Lausanne and Louis of Savoy was still going on, and although little is known about it, that little proves that it was yet another phase of the struggle against French expansion and was closely interwoven with the larger conflict.

war is the result of mistrust and lack of understanding between people.

During the war, we set up schools for the teaching of psychological warfare, which included the teaching of propaganda, both black and white and the various shades of grey in between.

Of special interest this anniversary year of the war between the states are the many Civil War battlefields where, likely as not, you'll catch some memorial re-enactments.

`` If Philip Toynbee is claiming that the choice lies between capitulation and the risk of nuclear war, I think he is right.

I do not accept that the choice is between capitulation and the certainty of nuclear war ''.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

He believes that greatness is a marriage between the man and the times as was aptly represented by Churchill, who would very possibly have gone down in history as a political failure if it had not been for Hitler's war.

It was made capable of making war and peace, negotiating diplomatic and commercial agreements with foreign countries, and deciding disputes between the states, including their additional and contested western territories.

Nelson Mandela mediated between the MPLA and UNITA factions during the last years of Angola's civil war.

* 1896 – Anglo-Zanzibar War: the shortest war in world history ( 09: 00 to 09: 45 ) between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, conflict escalated into a full-scale war between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Some of these were built during a period of war between Bolivia and Paraguay, in order to transport Bolivian troops and their supplies to the war front in the lowlands of southeastern Bolivia and western Paraguay.

However, these claims were given up in about 1870 during the War of the Pacific between Chile, the allied Bolivia and Peru, in a diplomatic deal to keep Argentina out of the war.

David, who was accepted as king by Judah alone, was meanwhile reigning at Hebron, and for some time war was carried on between the two parties.

This battle was part of a civil war between David and Ish-bosheth, the son of Saul.

* 1943 – World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government in exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.

From the start of the war, Massoud's mujahideen proved to be a thorn in the side for the occupying Soviet forces by ambushing Soviet and Afghan communist convoys travelling through the Salang Pass, resulting in fuel shortages in Kabul .< ref name =" Iyer ">

The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veteran of the war returned home with their prestige, " experience, ideology, and weapons ", and had considerable impact.

During the 1980s Soviet war, Mazari Sharif was a strategic base for the Soviet Army, as they used its airport to launch air strikes on Afghan mujahideen.

In the time of the Almoravids professional warriors had fought as ' mujahideen ' in their holy war.

During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the United States used large numbers of mules to carry weapons and supplies over Afghanistan's rugged terrain to the mujahideen.

The war now developed into a new pattern: the Soviets occupied the cities and main axis of communication, while the mujahideen, ( which the Soviet Army soldiers called ' Dushman ,' meaning ' enemy ') divided into small groups, waged a guerrilla war.

Olivier Roy estimates that after four years of war, there were at least 4, 000 bases from which mujahideen units operated.

However, in the spring of 1989 DRA forces inflicted a sharp defeat on the mujahideen at Jalalabad, and as a result, the war remained stalemated.

The early foundations of al-Qaeda were allegedly built in part on relationships and weaponry that came from the billions of dollars in U. S. support for the Afghan mujahideen during the war to expel Soviet forces from that country.

The Navy went into covert war and coordinated the foreign weapons into Afghanistan, while some of its high-ranking admirals were responsible for storing the weapons in the Navy depot, later coordinated the weapons supply to mujahideen.

China responded to the Soviet war in Afghanistan by supporting the Afghan mujahideen and ramping up their military presence near Afghanistan in Xinjiang.

The Chinese People's Liberation Army trained and supported the Afghan mujahideen during the war.

After obtaining his Master's degree in India he moved to neighboring Pakistan to work as a fundraiser for the anti-communist mujahideen during the 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan.

The policy of aiding the mujahideen in their war against the Soviet occupation was originally proposed by Carter's national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski and was implemented by U. S. intelligence services.

Also in 1989, in relation to Afghanistan, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev labeled the war against the U. S .- supported mujahideen a " bleeding wound " and ended the Soviet occupation of the country.

The Reagan administration gave varying degrees of support to anti-Communist dictatorships, including those in Guatemala ( to 1985 ), the Philippines ( to 1986 ), and Argentina ( to 1983 ), and armed the mujahideen in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, UNITA during the Angolan Civil War, and the Contras during the Nicaraguan Revolution as a means of ending ( or preventing ) Communist rule in those countries.

He later said he pulled his mujahideen out of the conflict when the war seemed to be more for nationalism than for jihad.

With the fall of the government of President Najibullah ( himself a Kabul University alumnus ) in 1992, the university fell victim to the civil war between former mujahideen commanders.

Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that " terrorism " is not an enemy, but a tactic ; calling it a " war on terror ", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen.

Ronald Reagan is credited with increasing spending on national defense and diplomacy which contributed to the end of the Cold War, deploying U. S. Pershing II missiles in West Germany in response to the Soviet stationing of SS-20 missiles near Europe, negotiating the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty ( INF ) to substantially reduce nuclear arms and initiating negotiations with the Soviet Union for the treaty that would later be known as START I, proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative, a controversial plan to develop a missile defense system, re-appointing monetarists Paul Volcker and ( later ) Alan Greenspan to be chairmen of the Federal Reserve, ending the high inflation that damaged the economy under his predecessors Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, lowering tax rates significantly ( under Reagan, the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70 % to 28 % in 7 years ) and leading a major reform of the tax system, providing arms and other support to anti-communist groups such as the Contras and the mujahideen, selling arms to foreign allies such as Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq ( see Iran – Iraq War ), greatly escalating the " war on drugs " with his policies and Nancy Reagan's " Just Say No " campaign, ordering the April 14, 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi in retaliation for an April 5 bombing of a West Berlin nightclub frequented by U. S. servicemen, in which the Libyan government was deemed complicit, and signing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 which compensated victims of the Japanese American Internment during World War II.

The organization has a policy to build hospitals on both sides of a conflict rather than supporting one or the other ; for example, during the Afghan war between the Talibans and the various mujahideen factions of the Afghan Northern Alliance, hospital were built in Kabul and in Anabah, in the Pansheer valley.

With the collapse of the Najibullah Government in 1992, the air service ceased to be a single entity, instead breaking up amongst the different mujahideen factions in the ongoing civil war.