Zeus had turned all the people of Thebes to stone and so no one buried the Niobids until the ninth day after their death, when the gods themselves entombed them.

This theory is evidenced by the fact that the oracles must be dated after the Assyrian destruction of Thebes in 663 BCE as this event is mentioned in Nahum 3: 8.

Cadmium ( Latin cadmia, Greek καδμεία meaning " calamine ", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals, which was named after the Greek mythological character, Κάδμος Cadmus, the founder of Thebes ) was discovered simultaneously in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate.

Zeus had turned all the people of Thebes to stone so no one buried the Niobids until the ninth day after their death, when the gods themselves entombed them.

In 338 BC, the Peloponnesian League was disbanded, when Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, formed the League of Corinth after defeating Thebes and Athens.

Sparta entered its long-term decline after a severe military defeat to Epaminondas of Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra.

Zethus married Thebe, after whom the city of Thebes was named.

Thrasybulus had been one of the first to oppose the oligarchy and had been exiled to Thebes shortly after its rise to power.

* The Greek poet Pindar moves to Thebes after two years at the Sicilian Court of Hiero I of Syracuse.

She placed the head on a stick and took it back to Thebes, but only realized whose head it was after meeting her father Cadmus.

Many years after the marriage of Oedipus and Jocasta, a plague of infertility struck the city of Thebes ; crops no longer grew on the fields and women did not bear children.

Some older sources of the myth, including Homer, state that Oedipus continued to rule Thebes after the revelations and after Jocasta's death.

Due to the popularity of Sophocles's Antigone ( c. 442 BC ), the ending ( lines 1005-78 ) of Seven against Thebes was added some fifty years after Aeschylus ' death.

In Greek mythology Ino ( ) was a mortal queen of Thebes, who after her death and transfiguration was worshiped as a goddess under her epithet Leucothea, the " white goddess.

She, thinking he was a lion, carried his head on a stick back to Thebes, only realizing what had happened after meeting Cadmus.

For, after Dionysus, the son of Semele, had traversed the world, he came to Thebes and sent the Theban women mad, compelling them to celebrate his Dionysiac festivals on Mount Cithaeron.

The two brothers fled from Euboea after they murdered King Phlegyas, settling in Hyria and then moving to Thebes, because they were friends with Pentheus, its king.

Pausanias, however, states that Nycteus led the Thebans against Epopeus, but was wounded and carried back to Thebes, where he died after asking Lycus to continue the battle.

While Eteocles ruled Thebes, Polynices visited first king Theseus in Athens, then king Adrastus in Argos, where he married Argea, the king's daughter, after he raped her.

In Creon's old age, a descendant of an earlier king of Thebes named Lycus invades Thebes and, after killing Creon, takes the crown.

Etruscan tradition inherited by the Romans is doubtless the origin of a son for Amphiaraus named Catillus who escaped from the slaughter at Thebes and led an expedition to Italy, where he founded a colony where eventually appeared the city of Tibur ( now Tivoli ), named after his eldest son Tiburtus.

Ten years after this, Adrastus persuaded the seven sons of the heroes who had fallen in the war against Thebes to make a new attack upon that city, and Amphiaraus now declared that the gods approved of the undertaking, and promised success.

The decisive battle probably took place near Thebes and the result was a clear defeat of Aemilianus.

* 457 BC: Battle of Tanagra — The Spartans defeat the Athenians, near Thebes.

Sparta's defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Sparta's prominent role in Greece.

The Athenians, mindful of their disastrous defeat in 404 BC, when the Spartans had gained control of the Hellespont, agreed to negotiate, and Thebes, Corinth, and Argos, unwilling to fight on without Athens, were also forced to negotiate.

Erginus avenged his father's death at the hands of the Thebans ; he made war against Thebes, inflicting a heavy defeat.

He mentions the Sacred Band as being led by the general Pelopidas and, alongside Epaminondas who commanded the army of Thebes ( Boeotia ), were responsible for the defeat of the Spartans at the decisive Battle of Leuctra ( 371 BC ).

Psamtik II led a foray into Nubia in 592 BC, marching as far south as the Third or even the Fourth Cataract of the Nile according to a contemporary stela from Thebes ( Karnak ) which dates to Year 3 of this king's name and refers to a heavy defeat that was inflicted upon the kingdom of Kush.

Seti would finally defeat his rival Amenmesse and return to Thebes in triumph whereupon he ordered the restoration of his damaged tomb.

The Theban Hegemony lasted from the Theban victory over the Spartans at Leuctra in 371 BC to their defeat of a coalition of Peloponnesian armies at Mantinea in 362 BC, though Thebes sought to maintain its position until finally eclipsed by the rising power of Macedon in 346 BC.

* 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

According to Bibliotheca, Alcmene went with Amphitryon to Thebes, where he was purified by Creon for accidentally killing Electryon.

The Heracleidae fell into disagreement about where to take Alcmene's body, with some wishing to take her corpse back to Argos, and others wishing to take it to Thebes to be buried with Amphitryon and Heracles ' children by Megara.

That Olynthus was backed by Athens and Thebes, rivals to Sparta for the control of Greece, provided them with an additional incentive to break up this growing power in the north.

One of the roles of Ares that was sited in mainland Greece itself was in the founding myth of Thebes: Ares was the progenitor of the water-dragon slain by Cadmus, for the dragon's teeth were sown into the ground as if a crop and sprung up as the fully armored autochthonic Spartoi.

Overtures were unquestionably made by Thebes for an alliance with Aegina c. 507 BC, but they came to nothing.

However, Thebes produced Pelopidas, her first great cavalry commander, whose tactics and skills were absorbed by Phillip II of Macedon when Phillip was a guest-hostage in Thebes.

When Hera learned that Semele, daughter of Cadmus King of Thebes, was pregnant by Zeus, she disguised herself as Semele's nurse and persuaded the princess to insist that Zeus show himself to her in his true form.

Some " calumnious fictions " were written about Herodotus in a work titled On the Malice of Herodotus, by Plutarch, a Theban by birth, ( or it might have been a Pseudo-Plutarch, in this case " a great collector of slanders "), including the allegation that the historian was prejudiced against Thebes because the authorities there had denied him permission to set up a school.

This prompted a scientific investigation of the relics in Padua, and by numerous lines of empirical evidence ( archeological analyses of the Tomb in Thebes and the Reliquary of Padua, anatomical analyses of the remains, Carbon-14 dating, comparison with the purported skull of the Evangelist located in Prague ) confirmed that these were the remains of an individual of Syrian descent who died between 72 and 416 A. D.

* Republic, a lost text by Crates of Thebes

Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but it was all brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece.

This technique is described by the Roman poet Statius in his account of a match between the hero Tydeus of Thebes and an opponent in the Thebaid.

He successfully defeated Necho I, the puppet ruler installed by Ashurbanipal, taking Thebes in the process.

Thebes is captured shortly thereafter and the Theban collaborators executed by Pausanias.

* The Athenian general Thrasybulus is exiled by the Thirty ( the oligarchy of Athens ), and he retires to Thebes.

The command was followed immediately and without question by the mercenaries under his command, to be copied by their counterparts beside them, the elite Sacred Band of Thebes under the command of Gorgidas.

* A grand alliance is organised by Demosthenes against Philip II, which includes Byzantium and former enemies of Athens, such as Thebes.