Theories of the behavior pattern of population masses were compared to scientific discoveries concerning the motion-pattern of gaseous masses.

Theories of apparently altruistic behavior were accelerated by the need to produce theories compatible with evolutionary origins.

* Theories of political behavior

Theories of political behavior, as an aspect of political science, attempt to quantify and explain the influences that define a person's political views, ideology, and levels of political participation.

Theories of collective action emphasise how group behavior can, in some sense, be linked to social institutions.

For a person in an exchange, what he gives may be a cost to him, just as what he gets may be a reward, and his behavior changes less as the difference of the two, profit, tends to a maximum (" Theories Used in Research ").

Theories for the " man-eating behavior " of lions have been reviewed by Kerbis Peterhans and Gnoske ( 2001 ) and Patterson ( 2004 ).

Theories of deindividuation propose that it is a psychological state of decreased self-evaluation and decreased evaluation apprehension causing antinormative and disinhibited behavior.

" The Encyclopedia of Psychology " Motivation: Philosophical Theories " says, " Some mental states seem capable of triggering action, while others — such as cognitive states — apparently have a more subordinate role terms of motivation ... some behavior qualifies as motivated action, but some does not.

A movement is learned and a small part of a behavior, while an act is a bunch of movements that makes up a skill ( Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology, 2008 ).

Theories intended to explain these unusual clouds include materials left over from the formation of our galaxy, or tidally-displaced matter drawn away from other galaxies or members of the Local Group.

Theories include: hotspot, bremsstrahlung radiation, collision-induced radiation and corona discharges, nonclassical light, proton tunneling, electrodynamic jets and fractoluminescent jets ( now largely discredited due to contrary experimental evidence ).

Theories for this warming include a change of frost patterns on Triton's surface and a change in ice albedo, which would allow more heat to be absorbed.

Theories include genetics or infections.

Theories include high rates of tobacco use and ( in the case of the Vietnam soldiers ), the advent of processed foods after WWII.

Theories include sudden death by a plague that was sweeping through the city or another natural death.

Theories include that it was named for Louisa County, Virginia, or a corruption of the name of the river (" Levisa ") or that it was named after Louisa Swetnam, one of the first children born in the area to Europeans.

Theories to explain the success of such companies include reliance on certain policies of the American federal government or a tendency to natural monopolies in the industry.

Theories about what caused berserker behaviour include ingestion of materials with psychoactive properties, psychological processes, and medical conditions.

Theories in a broader sense of cohomology include:

Theories for this include smaller bodies ( and thus less stress on the heart ), a stronger immune system ( since testosterone acts as an immunosuppressant ), and less tendency to engage in physically dangerous activities.

Theories of causation include faulty posture, vascular perfusion disorder, tiredness, or psychological causes.

Theories for the source of the condition include environmental pollution, infections, and conversion disorder.

Theories of the derivation of the name ' Gateshead ' include ' head of the ( Roman ) road ' or ' goat ’ s headland ', as the River Tyne at this point was once roamed by goats.

Theories include family connections within the Saeki-Ōtomo clan, or connections through fellow clergy or a member of the Fujiwara clan.

Theories advanced for the meaning of the name include " of Beorna " ( a personal name ), " The Fort of the Warriors " or literally from Latin Bi-cester to mean " The 2 forts ".

Theories include: the Tu-144 tried to avoid a French Mirage chase plane which was attempting to photograph it, that changes had been made by the ground engineering team to the auto-stabilisation circuits to allow the Tu-144 to outperform Concorde in the display circuit, and that the crew were attempting a manoeuvre — to outshine Concorde — that the aircraft was not capable of.

Theories as to the reason for the claimed change in flavor include that the secret formula has been changed to use new products not originally available to Vernor, such as high fructose corn syrup ; that it seems to have less carbonation than formerly ; and that Vernors is no longer aged four years, but three in oak barrels.

Theories on why Chrysler used the name Fargo include the imagery of open range of the American west, symbolized by the city of Fargo and the Wells-Fargo stage lines, while another theory assumes there was a play on the words " Far " and " Go ", denoting durability.

Theories as to the origin of the name include:

Theories about the reference usually include an attempt to explain why this anonymizing idiom is used at all, rather than stating an identity.

With Theories X, Y, and Z implications for the modern organization include new challenges and opportunities.

Theories for why the public tends to reject fluoridation include " alienation from mainstream " society, but evidence for that is weak.

Theories include the presence of a large number of Gypsies at the time the land was feud out ; the immigration shortly afterwards of a number of notable Jewish people ; a connection to the army of Oliver Cromwell and simply the presence of Egypt Farm, nearby.

The parent was asked to describe the child's typical behavior in certain standard situations in which there was an opportunity to observe tendencies toward perfectionism in demands upon self and others, irrational conformity to rules, orderliness, punctuality, and need for certainty.

Their personality becomes disorganised and bizarre ; irrational behavior, associated with earlier denied aspects of self, may erupt uncontrollably.

In " The Human Zoo ", Morris postulates that human society has moved from small scattered tribes to highly compressed urban civilization and that this trend has placed growing psychological and sociological pressure on humans which leads to both a greater chance for mankind to understand himself but also leads to irrational and unnatural human behavior which can manifest itself into severe psychological problems.

It involves the group's initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual's actual behavior towards the group or the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.

In fact, to such a person love would appear to be quite strange if not outright irrational behavior.

The Betans, on a hostile planet where they must live in domes, rely on industrial export ; they limit not only childbearing but also every kind of behavior that might be considered “ antisocial .” From their point of view, Barrayaran society is irrational and backwards, while the Barrayarans view them as undisciplined in every way, referring to a “ Betan vote ” as an obstacle to decision-making.

Negative emotions can cause intense and even irrational behavior, and can cause conflicts to escalate and negotiations to break down, but may be instrumental in attaining concessions.

Instead, the subjects were actively reducing the cognitive dissonance induced by reading about their favored candidate's irrational or hypocritical behavior.

Illustrating the relativity of rationality: if one accepts a model in which benefiting oneself is optimal, then rationality is equated with behavior that is self-interested to the point of being selfish ; whereas if one accepts a model in which benefiting the group is optimal, then purely selfish behavior is deemed irrational.

Such conflicts may lead to " irrational " behavior involving inconsistency, psychological paralysis, neurosis, and / or psychic pain.

While a great deal of absurdist fiction may be humorous or irrational in nature, the hallmark of the genre is neither comedy nor nonsense, but rather, the study of human behavior under circumstances ( whether realistic or fantastical ) that appear to be purposeless and philosophically absurd.

This is considered irrational behavior ( as rationality is defined by classical economics ).

Economists would label this behavior " irrational ": it is inefficient because it misallocates resources by depending on information that is irrelevant to the decision being made.

Technicians have long said that irrational human behavior influences stock prices, and that this behavior leads to predictable outcomes.

By considering the impact of emotions, cognitive errors, irrational preferences, and the dynamics of group behavior, behavioral finance offers succinct explanations of excess market volatility as well as the excess returns earned by stale information strategies .... cognitive errors may also explain the existence of market inefficiencies that spawn the systematic price movements that allow objective TA analysis methods to work.

Below, the exposed skin becomes blue and puffy, muscle coordination becomes very poor, walking becomes almost impossible, and the person exhibits incoherent / irrational behavior including terminal burrowing or even a stupor.

Hippocrates frequently wrote that an excess of black bile resulted in irrational thinking and behavior.

Convergence theory claims that crowd behavior as such is not irrational ; rather, people in crowds express existing beliefs and values so that the mob reaction is the rational product of widespread popular feeling.

Economists Matthew Bishop and Michael Green claim that full acceptance of the hypothesis goes against the thinking of Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes, who both believed irrational behavior had a real impact on the markets.

This bias gives the theory its predictive power, shedding light on otherwise puzzling, irrational, and even destructive behavior.

His denial of insanity is based on his systematic actions and precision — a rational explanation for irrational behavior.

Besides these, some day traders also use contrarian ( reverse ) strategies ( more commonly seen in algorithmic trading ) to trade specifically against irrational behavior from day traders using these approaches.

Masaniello rapidly and uncannily echoed the irrational behavior of his populist Roman predecessor, Cola di Rienzo, 300 years before.