These abbreviated volumes soon became very popular and eventually supplanted the Roman Catholic Church's Curia office, previously said by non-monastic clergy.

These included celibacy of the clergy, end of simony and autonomy of the Church from secular leaders ( lack of autonomy was known as lay investiture ).

These included resentment of royal absolutism ; resentment by peasants, laborers and the bourgeoisie toward the traditional seigneurial privileges possessed by the nobility ; resentment of the Church's influence over public policy and institutions ; aspirations for freedom of religion ; resentment of aristocratic bishops by the poorer rural clergy ; aspirations for social, political and economic equality, and ( especially as the Revolution progressed ) republicanism ; hatred of Queen Marie-Antoinette, who was falsely accused of being a spendthrift and an Austrian spy ; and anger toward the King for firing finance minister Jacques Necker, among others, who were popularly seen as representatives of the people.

These included moral issues, matrimonial issues, disputes about wills and testaments, the correction of sins, and slander and physical attacks on the clergy.

These enactments, and the passivity of Epiphanius and his clergy, show the absence as yet for exclusively clerical legislation for the spirituality.

These are generally more junior clergy, who in a parish church would be serving a curacy.

In criticizing the Roman Catholic clergy who did not believe in continued revelation from heaven, Müntzer stated, " These villainous and treacherous parsons are of no use to the church in even the slightest manner, for they deny the voice of the bridegroom, which is a truly certain sign that they are a pack of devils.

These clergy are seldom financially compensated and hold secular jobs.

These different measures seem to have been successful at least as far as the clergy were concerned, and Lollardy came to be more and more a lay movement, often connected with political discontent.

These allegiances permeated his home life ; the Sifton household was often visited by clergy, laity, businessmen, lawyers, and politicians.

These attacks were frequent in the first months of the civil war, and radicalised a large number of Catholics, including clergy, who had previously tended to support the reformist right wing Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right party.

These actions were viewed as un-Islamic and resulted in more religious opposition by the clergy.

These three types of ecclesiastical structures are composed of lay people served by their own secular clergy and prelate.

These reforms also stated that the Church was in charge of disciplining the clergy not the state.

These began to function as alternative churches, often depending on the attitude of the local Anglican clergy.

These innovations met with resistance from both the clergy and the people, who disputed the legitimacy and correctness of these reforms, referring to theological traditions and Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastic rules.

These homes are typically owned and maintained by a church, as a benefit to its clergy.

These two bodies of the Church of England were prorogued by Royal Writ in 1717, because of conflict between Whig Bishops and the clergy in the Bangorian controversy.

These days set apart for special prayer and fasting were considered especially suitable for the ordination of clergy.

" These laypersons while called " clergy " in the Book of Discipline are nonetheless not ordained.

These classics of Victorian literature concern the dealings of the clergy and the gentry, and the political, amatory, and social manœuvrings that go on among and between them.

These moves consisted primarily in imposing restrictions on Orthodox clergy and the exclusion of Orthodox Christians from positions of authority.

These changes placed the clergy in a genuine dilemma, placing the authority of the State ahead of the Pope, and thus, in Catholic minds, turning the French Catholic Church into a Protestant church.

These letters use strong expressions but show that the Roman clergy did not think the re-admission of lapsed Christians to communion was entirely impossible.

These began to be apparent in a press conference held during the second illness in order that the consulting specialists might clarify the President's condition for the nation.

These were carried out not too faithfully by Filippo Costaggini, who began by supplying the missing member to the founder of Pennsylvania and noting in pencil, in Italian, that he `` began at this point ''.

These three propositions were further developed by his followers, who maintained that God revealed Himself in a threefold revelation, the first in the Biblical patriarch Abraham, marking the epoch of the Father ; the second in Jesus Christ, who began the epoch of the Son ; and the third in Amalric and his disciples, who inaugurated the era of the Holy Ghost.

These specimens began to arrive in Europe in 1522, when the survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition brought them home.

These extravagant expenditures began shortly after the end of Second Punic War, and increased as the spoils returned from Rome's new eastern conquests.

The late author Sheldon H. Harris in his book " Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American cover up " wrote that, The test program, could be part of Project AGILE or Project OCONUS which began in fall 1962 and which was funded at least through fiscal year 1963, was considered by the Chemical Corps to be “ an ambitious one .” The tests were designed to cover “ not only trials at sea, but Arctic and tropical environmental tests as well .” The tests, presumably, were conducted at what research officers designated, but did not name, “ satellite sites .” These sites were located both in the continental United States and in foreign countries.

These records state that Bu began his rule before 477, was recognized as the ruler of Japan by the Liu Song, Southern Qi, and Liang dynasties, and continued his rule through to 502.

These would later be recognized as immense conglomerations of stars, when the true distance to these objects began to be appreciated, and they would be termed island universes.

These activities began in the sixteenth century and continued until the nineteenth century.

These often opened with the show's main title logo within the teaser scene ; from season four onward, the show began using an anthropomorphic version of the logo in the opening scenes, using various animations.

These eastern powers soon began to be overshadowed by those further west.

These internal and external factors contributed to the rise of a Confederation national consciousness, in which the term fatherland ( patria ) began to take on meaning beyond an individual canton.

These factors eventually began to impact the operating system's efficiency and stability.

These mathematical disciplines began in Antiquity with the Babylonians and with Hellenistic writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy.

These obstacles weakened the movement and it was not until the rise of the Internet that it began to regain momentum.

These moves along with others saw the Colts began to turn around their fortune with a playoff appearance in 1995 and 1996.

These cats were removed through efforts which began in the mid-1960s and lasted until 1990 when they were completely eradicated.

These universities worked with high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, initially developed in Mexico and the Philippines, that in the 1960s began the Green Revolution, an effort to diversify and increase crop production.

These estimates have been confirmed by the 2009 population census, and this means that the decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and reversed.

These relations began to improve in the late 1980s.

These standards began to have more relevance in 2000 and 2001 after FATF began a process to publicly identify countries that were deficient in their anti-money laundering laws and international cooperation, a process colloquially known as " name and shame ".

These developments began to give a new meaning to what was termed " modernism ": It embraced discontinuity, rejecting smooth change in everything from biology to fictional character development and filmmaking.

These coastal cultures eventually began to decline as a result of recurring el Niño floods and droughts.