These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These troubles of 1934 harmed relationship between the two universities and ethnics.

These are often based within, or connected to, universities and colleges.

These works became so widely recognized that the brothers received honorary doctorates from universities in Marburg, Berlin and Breslau.

" These schools were not yet the official universities that they would become in the 13th century, but by the end of the 11th century both had numerous schools for the arts and sciences.

These universities include Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Madhya Pradesh Veterinary Sciences University, Madhya Pradesh Medical University, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Barkatullah University, Devi Ahilya University, Rani Durgavati University, Vikram University, Jiwaji University Gwalior and Dr HariSingh Gaur University ( Sagar University ).

These two universities are the second and third to be founded in Finland, both by private donations.

These projects include 8 museums, 38 corporate headquarters, 7 research facilities, performing arts centers, theaters, and campus buildings for 6 universities.

These regional governments are responsible for the administration of schools, universities, health, social services, culture, urban and rural development and, in some cases, policing.

These 3 universities are currently forming a PRES ( a university consortium ), which is planned to soon become a single university: the University of Southern France, Montpellier.

These moves have been criticized by other conferences containing historically black universities, especially the only other Division I conference made up entirely of such schools, the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference, which annually places its champion into the FCS tournament.

These rankings appeared in the THES-QS World University Rankings, a widely acknowledged international ranking of universities.

These universities evolved from much older Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools, and it is difficult to define the date at which they became true universities, although the lists of studia generalia for higher education in Europe held by the Vatican are a useful guide.

These host institutions must be accredited four year degree granting colleges and universities in a state, province, territory, or federal district of Canada or the United States.

These academies ' main responsibility is overseeing primary and secondary education, but public universities are in some respects also answerable to the academy for their region.

These demonstrations took place mainly on campuses located in the cities of Rangoon, Mandalay and Moulmein and were often followed by closure of universities and colleges.

These universities are known for their upper-class attendance.

These activities did not go unnoticed at other universities in Great Britain, and soon they followed Cambridge's example.

These halls of residence are common in Australian universities and primarily provide accommodation to students.

These colleges were to all intents and purposes independent universities ( the University of Wales ' powers being largely restricted to the formal awarding of degrees ).

These law universities were meant to offer a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to legal education.

These programs are mainly provided through affiliated colleges at universities.

These changes have proved controversial, and numerous universities have opted out of the deal.

These have not been worked since about 1875.

These foundational applications of category theory have been worked out in fair detail as a basis for, and justification of, constructive mathematics.

These have to do with how much and by whom curriculum should be worked out from grade to grade, how much the child ’ s emerging interests should determine classroom activities, the importance of child-centered vs. societal – centered learning, the relationship of community building to individual growth, and especially the relationship between emotion, thought and experience.

These engineers worked mainly from schematics and netlists in the late 1980s, and the big push was to generate the netlists from the schematics automatically.

These plans also did not work out, and finally Harold Prince, who had worked previously with Sondheim, became the producer and director.

These were entrusted to a native boat builder, Haj Ahmed Yusuf, who slowly and methodically worked out how the pieces fit together.

These were interrupted by service in the U. S. Army Signal Corps during World War II, where he worked as a codebreaker and participated in the landing at Casablanca. Before leaving for Europe in 1943, Greenberg married Selma Berkowitz, whom he had met during his first year at Columbia.

These discourses, transcribed or worked up by close disciples from points given by Baba, address many aspects of the spiritual life and provide practical and simple direction for the spiritual aspirant.

These are known as " worked shoots ".

These are worked by cams, eccentrics or cranks driven by the shaft of the engine.

These principles have worked so well on simple examples that we can be reasonably confident they will work for more complex examples.

These two things are related but can be independent, because it is possible to research health and sickness without curing specific patients, and it is possible to cure a patient without knowing how the cure worked.

These were the men who worked on London docks, " whipping " in baskets from ships to barges or wharves all incoming coal from the sea.

These natural defenses worked to Sparta's advantage and contributed to Sparta never having been sacked.

These were of red sandstone, obtained from Zweibrücken ; and two men ordinarily worked together at the same stone.

These people, also known as Yavanas, worked in cooperation with the native Bactrian aristocracy.

These were mainly used because they were less expensive than fuel injection systems ; they worked well enough to meet 1980s emissions requirements and were based on existing carburetor designs.

These include Alonzo King and his company, Alonzo King's Lines Ballet ; Complexions Contemporary Ballet, under the direction of Dwight Rhoden ; Nacho Duato's Compañia Nacional de Danza ; William Forsythe, who has worked extensively with the Frankfurt Ballet and today runs The Forsythe Company ; and Jiří Kylián, currently the artistic director of the Nederlands Dans Theater.

These worked to develop and finance new industries and attract skilled and knowledgeable immigrants from Europe.

These slave cabins were occupied by the slaves who worked in the mansion or in Jefferson's manufacturing ventures, and not by those who labored in the fields.

These French newspaper articles were read into the record of the Reichstag and were followed by a vote to increase military spending, all of which worked to the advantage of Zaharoff.

These Quakers strove for marital relationships in which men and women worked and lived in equality.

These engine cars carried a crew during flight who maintained the engines as needed, but who also worked the engine controls, throttle etc., mounted directly on the engine.

'" These parts were subsequently orchestrated by a team comprising Edward Powell, Maurice de Packh, Gene Rose, Eddie Sharp, and Arthur Knowlton who worked under the overall supervision of Max Steiner.